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-N. 



THE ROSE 



A TEEATISE 



ON THE CULTIVATION, HISTORY, FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS, 

ETC., OF THE VARIOUS GROUPS OF ROSES, WITH 

ACCURATE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE VARIETIES 

NOW GENERALLY GROWN. 



BY 



H. B. ELLW ANGER 

n 
Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y. 




NEW YORK 

DODD, MEAD & COMPANY 

publishers. 



ki^l-w-^ 



Copyright, 1882 
By DODD, mead & COMPANY 






/ DEDICATE THIS BOOK TO MY FATHER, 

GEORGE ELLWANGER, 

WHO HAS DONE SO MUCH TO IMPROVE HORTICULTURAL TASTE, AND 
INCULCATE 

^ 3Lobe for ti)e aSeautifuI. 

HE HAS EVER TAUGHT, AND PROVED BY HIS LIFE, THAT MUCH OF THE 
PUREST HAPPINESS IS FOUND IN 

^rtibe Hmplosment m ti)c ^aiUen. 



I will not have the mad Clytie, 

Whose head id turned by the sun : 
The tulip is a courtly queen, 

Whom, therefore, I will shun ; 
The cowglip is a country wench. 

The violet is a nun ; 
But I will woo the dainty rose, 

The queen of every one. 

The pea is but a wanton witch, 

In too much haste to wed, 
And clasps her rings on every hand ; 

The wolfsbane I should dread : 
Nor will I dreary rose marye, 

That always mourns the dead ; 
But I will woo the dainty rose, 

With her cheeks of tender red. 

The lily is all in white, lilce a saint, 

And so is no mate for me ; 
And the daisy's cheek is tipped with a blush. 

She is of such low degree ; 
Jasmine is sweet and has many loves. 

And the broom's betrothed to the bee ; 
But I will plight with the dainty rose, 

For fairest of all is she. 

—Thomas Hood. 



" God Almiffhtie first Planted a Garden, and indeed it is the Purest 
of Human pleasures. It is the Greatest Refreshment to the Spirits of 
Man ; without which Buildings and Palaces are but Grosse Handy- 
works : And a man shall ever see that when Ages grow to Civility and 
Elegaucie, Men come to Build Stately sooner than to Garden Finely ; 
As if Gardening were the Greater Perfection."— Bacon. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE. 



Introduction ^-^ 

Chapter I. 
Classification ^-^ 

Chapter II. 
The Families of Koses in General Culti- 
vation 10-51 

Chapter III. 
Technical Terms S2-55 

Chapter IY. 
Position and Soil ^^"^^ 

Chapter Y. 
Planting and Pruning • • • 61-67 

Chapter YI. 
Manures 68-72 

Chapter YII. 
Insects and Diseases 73-84 



VI CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 

Chapter YIII. 
Propagation 85-92 

Chapter IX. 
Exhibiting Roses 93-99 

Chapter X. 
Roses under Glass 100-112 

Chapter XI. 
Yarieties for Special Purposes 113-119 

Chapter XII. 
Raisers of the Best Roses 120-144 

Chapter XIII. 
The Seed Parents of Yarions Roses. . . . 145-151 

Chapter XI Y. 

Permanent Colors. Too - Much - Alike 
Roses. How to Distinguish Be- 
tween Similar Yarieties 152-163 

Chapter XY. 
Typical Roses 164-176 

Chapter XYI. 

Raising New Yarieties 177-189 

Appendix 190-193 

Catalogue of Yarieties 194-291 



INTEODUCTIOK 



There have been so many works on the rose 
produced within the past twenty years, several of 
them being very vahiable and interesting, that a 
few words of explanation may not be out of place, 
to explain why it was thought desirable to add to 
the number. The most useful of these compila- 
tions are English works, but the differences of cli- 
mate, etc., render necessary, for this country, a 
modification and change in the directions for 
culture ; the same reasons will lead ns to select a 
somewhat different list of varieties for general 
cultivation from what would be chosen by Eng- 
lish Eosarians ; besides all this, there is the ex- 
pectant feeling which impels all authors, that the 
half has not been told, that in a subject like this, 
no compilation can ever be deemed perfect or 
iSnal. New varieties, new classes and types, are 
being produced ; by experience we learn that 
modifications of old established principles are 



6 INTRODUCTION^. 

often necessary, and therefore fresh gleanings 
from the rose garden will ever be acceptable and 
interesting when coming from observing and lov- 
ing devotees of La Heine. 

While, therefore, this book neither expects 
nor desires to supersede its predecessors, it asks 
admission to their fellowship, hoping that it con- 
tains enough that is distinctive and of merit to 
be considered companionable. 



THE ROSE 



CHAPTER I. 

CLASSIFICATION". 

No two books, treating of the rose, exactly 
agree as to the different groups nnder which roses 
should be classed, and those who expect some 
slight variance in this work from what has pre- 
ceded it, in other compilations, will not be wrong 
in their conjectures. 

There has been such an infinitude of crosses 
made between different groups, by means natu- 
ral and artificial, that it would be rather remark- 
able to find two writers who would assign the 
same varieties throughout, to the same classes. 
So it is that, by the various conjectures and opin- 
ions of the different authors, much confusion 
and perplexity has been engendered. Some, in 
order that the character of a variety may be 



THE ROSE. 

known as nearly as possible, make manj groups, 
classes, divisions, and subdivisions enough to 
make the head of the reader swim in a sea of per- 
plexity ; others, in order to avoid a multiplicity 
of grouj^s, narrow the classification to a few divis- 
ions, and in so doing, bury completely the dis- 
tinguishing characteristics of a variety. The 
former, besides arranging Hybrid Perpetuals into 
groups of Hybrid Noisettes and Hybrid Teas, 
further divide them into such groups as Hybrid 
Bourbons, Rose de Rosomene, Rose de Trianon, 
etc. The latter would divide all these among 
Hybrid Perpetuals. I confess to leaning tow- 
ards this latter class ; but where we have dis- 
tinguishing characteristics that are very marked, 
and other new varieties of the same or similar 
peculiarities, are following, it seems desirable to 
provide a distinctive name and division for them. 
Thus, when Guillot introduced La France, it was 
appropriately placed among the Hybrid Perpet- 
ual Roses, although known to have originated 
from the seed of a Tea Rose. It would have 
been unwise to have made a class for the exclu- 
sive benefit of this beauty, trusting that worthy 
companions might in the future be found for 



CLASSIFICATION. 9 

her ; but now that we have Cannes La Coquette, 
Cheshunt Hybrid, Mine. Alexandre Bernaix, and 
those of Mr. Bennett's raising, it seems not only 
desirable but necessary to group them by them- 
selves. The same is the case with the Hybrid 
Noisettes : both of these classes are being added 
to annually, and are now of very great impor- 
tance. On the other hand, such groups as the 
Hybrid Bourbons are rapidly receding from 
prominence, and in order to simplify matters 
their disintegration should be made complete ; 
the different varieties that are deemed worthy of 
being retained can be placed among the Hybrid 
Perpetuals or the Bourbons, according to their 
more prominent characteristics. 



CHAPTER II. 

THE FAMILIES OF ROSES IN GENERAL CUL- 
TIVATION. 

Part I. — Summer Roses. Those whicli bloom 
but once during the season, in the months 
of June and July. 

Class 1. — Climbing oe Sakmentous Roses. 

TJie Ayrshire Rose (Rosa Arvensis Ilyhri- 
da). — These roses, of Enghsh origin, are of slen- 
der, rapid growth, having five leaflets, often 
running fifteen or twenty feet in one season, and 
are of use in covering buildings, unsightly ob- 
jects, etc. They are somewhat less hardy and 
less valuable than the hybrid climbers and prairie 
roses. They do not require rich soil, and should 
be pruned very little, or not at all. Bennett's 
Seedling, Queen of Ayrshires, Queen of Belgians, 
and Ruga, are the leading sorts. 

The JBanJcsia Rose {Rosa BanhsicB) is a native 
of China, named in honor of Lady Banks by the 



ROSES IN GEKERAL CULTIVATION. 11 

botanist Kobert Brown. It was brought to Eng- 
land in 1807. The liowers, very small, resem- 
bling double cherry blossoms, are produced in 
clusters early in the season, and have, generally, a 
decided violet perfume ; indeed I -doubt whether 
many persons, if blindfolded, could by the odor 
distinguish them from violets. The wood is very 
smooth, slender, and of rapid growth. The leaf- 
lets are often but three in number, are long, dark, 
and lustrous. Not being hardy they can have no 
great value at the l^orth, but in the Southern 
States they form a very desirable group. The 
best known sorts are Alba Grandiflora, Fortunei, 
White and Yellows They should be sparingly 
pruned. 

Boursault Rose {Bosa Alpina). — This is a 
distinct but worthless group, which receives its 
name from M. Boursault, a Parisian rose ama- 
teur. Most of the varieties are free from thorns 
and have long, flexible, reddish-colored shoots. 
Amadis, or Crimson Boursault, is the one most 
esteemed. 

The Evergreen Hose {Rosa SeTupervirens), 
with seven leaflets, has much in common with 
the Ayrshire, but is characterized by dark green 



12 THE ROSE. 

foliage, which is retained till dislodged by heavy 
frosts ; they are of the same hardiness as the 
Ayshires and require the same freedom from 
the pruning-knife ; the knife should only be ap- 
plied to cut out entirely shoots that require thin- 
ning. There have been several pretty varieties 
of this group sent out, but Felicite Perpetuelle 
is perhaps the best representative, and the only 
one we would commend for cultivation. 

Hybrid Glimhing Roses {Rosa Hyhrida Scan- 
dens). — This class takes in those sorts for which 
it is difficult to find a group where they can be 
appropriately placed ; it gathers in waifs and is 
a kind of orphan asylum, a place of refuge for 
the abandoned and unknown. ]No varieties in 
this groajD are of any great value ; the old sorts, 
Mme. d'Arblay and the Garland, once the best 
known, are now almost forgotten. Those which 
are most grown are Fortune's Double Yellow, 
recently sent out under the name Beauty of 
Glazenwood, and La Saumonee. 

The Many -Flowered Rose {Rosa Multijiora)^ 
five to seven leaflets, is a native of Japan, in- 
troduced into England by Thunberg in 1804. It 
flowers in clusters, and continues for some time 



ROSES li^ GENERAL CULTIVATION. 13 

in bloom ; the flowers are double, small, and of 
no great beauty. The shoots have comparatively 
few thorns, ^^^Hcll come in pairs. De la Grif- 
feraie is in England considered valuable as a 
stock on which to work the climbing teas and 
some other roses ; we believe it may be good for 
this, it is not good for anything else. Grevillia, 
or Seven Sisters, generally sent out under the 
latter name, is propagated to considerable extent 
in this country, and is principally called for by 
tree peddlers, who make large sales of it, by 
means of exaggerated colored plates, accompa- 
nied by untruthful descriptions. It is tender as 
the Tea-scented Noisettes, and is in every way 
inferior to them. 

The Prairie Rose {Icosa Ruhifolia) is much 
the most valuable of all the non -remontant climb- 
ers. It is indigenous to the country, being 
found in Michigan and many of the Western 
States. Seeds of the common variety were sown 
about 1836, by Messrs. Samuel and John Feast of 
Baltimore. The seedlings from this sowing 
were fertilized by surrounding flowers, from 
some of the best varieties of roses grown at the 
time, and from this lot came Baltimore Belle and 



14 THE ROSE. 

Queen of Prairies, the two best- known sorts. 
The fohageis rough, large, 5 to 7 leaflets, gener- 
ally of a dark green color ; for rapidity of 
growth they equal or excel the Ayrshires, and 
surpass all climbers in hardiness. They bloom 
in large clusters late in the season, when other 
summer roses are past and have gone their way, 
and succeed over a greater extent of territory 
than any other climbers. Although decidedly 
inferior in quality to the Tea - N oisettes and 
Climbing Teas, their hardiness and superior 
vigor of growth make them of great value where 
the more beautiful members of the sisterhood are 
too delicate in constitution to be made useful. 
When, then, it is desired to cover walls, trellises, 
old trees, unsightly buildings, etc., with roses, 
none will be found to do the work so efiiciently 
as varieties of the Prairie Rose. It is very de- 
sirable that further development of this impor- 
tant class should be made ; we should endeavor, 
by artificial fertilization, to produce hybrids, 
blending Hybrid Perpetual, Bourbon, and Noi- 
sette with the Prairies. This, ^vith the more 
double varieties, is somewhat diflicult, as I found 
in experiments made under glass last winter. I 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 15 

attempted to fertilize blooms of Baltimore Belle, 
Gem of Prairies and Queen of Prairies, by 
different varieties, such as General Jacqueminot, 
Safrano and Solfaterre, but the only seed I ob- 
tained was from one bloom of Gem of the 
Prairies fertilized by General Jacqueminot. The 
pistils of the Prairie Roses are glued together, as 
it were, and make fertilization very difficult ; 
Gem of the Prairies, itself a hybrid, is the only 
one on which seed is often found in the open 
air, therefore we would probably be far more 
successful in making crosses by using some of 
the more single varieties. 

The most desirable of the class are Anna 
Maria, Baltimore Belle, Gem of the Prairies (the 
only variety that is fragrant). Queen of the 
Prairies, and Triumphant. Baltimore Belle is the 
most beautiful, but seems to contain some Noi- 
sette blood, which makes it less hardy than the 
others ; it is sufficiently robust, however, to 
withstand all ordinary winters. The Prairie 
Roses, like all climbers, should be sparingly 
pruned. 



16 THE ROSE. 



Class 2. 



Austrian Brier {Rosa Lutea), — This is a 
native of the South of Europe, having single flow- 
ers, of a yellow or coppery -yellow color ; leaflets 
7 to 9 in number. The shoots are of a chocolate 
color, well fortified with sj)ines. It is very 
hardy, and from its color and hardiness offers in- 
ducements to the hybridizers, but they will find 
some difficulty in getting it to seed. Tliese roses 
must not be severely pruned or there will be an 
utter absence of flowers ; it is only necessary to 
cut away shoots that are decayed or need thin- 
ning and merely pinch the tops of shoots that 
are left. It is a small but interesting family, 
and gives us the only hardy yellow roses that are 
of value. There are three varieties worth grow- 
ing, the Copper, Harrisonii, and Persian Yellow. 
The foliage of this class has a slight odor like the 
Sweet Brier, 

The Dcuiiask Rose {Rosa Dm^vasee'na) is 
found native about Damascus and various por- 
tions of Syria, from whence it was brought to 
Europe about 1573, It is in a lai-ge degree the 



ROSES IK GENERAL CULTIVATION. 17 

founder of the Hybrid Peq^etual Koses. From 
this class, and also from the Provence, most of 
the rose-water is distilled. Tlie Damasks have 
pale green leaves (5 to 7 leaflets), green shoots, 
Avith numerous spines, are of vigorous growth, 
and very hardy ; the flowers are mostly flat, of 
light colors, and very fragrant. They need but 
little pruning. 

Mine. Hardy and Mine. Zoutman are the only 
ones worth cultivating, they are both very valu- 
able white roses, albeit the first-named is " green- 
ej^ed, like jealousy, envious, it may be, of the 
latter, who, though not of such a clear complex- 
ion, is free from ocular infirmities." 

The French Rose {Rosa Gallica)^ in sj^ite of 
its name, has not been traced to any country, 
but is generally credited with being a native of 
Europe. It is very hardy, of compact growth, 
requiring close pruning. 

The varieties in this class have very dark 
leaflets, 5 to T in number ; though beautiful, 
they are su]3erseded by various Hybrid Perpet- 
uals of the same shade, and can no longer be 
recommended, except for large collections. The 



18 THE ROSE. 

best of them are Bonle de j^anteuil, Oeillet 
Flamand, an odd, striped variety, and Triomplie 
de Jaussens. 

The Hybrid China Rose {Rosa Indica Hy- 
hrlda) lias arisen from various crosses among 
the French, Provence, and other summer kinds, 
with the China, Noisette, and Bourbon Roses. 
For a long time the varieties of this class were 
our most beautiful and cherished roses, but, like 
nearly all of the summer sorts, they are outshone 
and outlasted by various Remontants. In this 
connection it may be remarked that about one- 
fourth of the roses which are sent out as Hybrid 
Perpetuals should properly be placed among the 
Hybrid Chinas, for the flowers which they pro- 
duce in autumn are the exception and not the 
rule. A Hybrid Perpetual may be described as 
a Hybrid China which blooms more than once 
during: the season ; if this classification were car- 
ried out, we should to-day be growing many 
more Hybrid Chinas and many less Hybrid Per- 
petuals. Raisers dislike to call a new variety 
Hybrid China, if by any stretch of the imagina- 
tion, or from having seen a bloom during the 
autumn, they think people can be persuaded that 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 19 

they are getting a Remontant. To call a new 
variety a summer rose is to sound its death-knell, 
and no amount of adjectives in the superlative 
degree can resuscitate or afford it sufficient 
stimulus for more than a brief existence. Peo- 
ple no longer buy summer roses, at least ninety- 
nine out of one hundred do not, hiot unless the 
description of the raiser pai'ticularly states to the 
contrary (that they are free autumnals) they are, 
all the same, pretty likely to get a number of 
them, and in the course of a few years will dis- 
cover that many beautiful roses which they 
bought for Hybrid Perpetuals are simply sum- 
mer roses which occasionally, or very rarely, 
grudgingly yield a few autumn flowers. In this 
book, therefore, many varieties will be found de- 
scribed as Hybrid Chinas, which are catalogued, 
by nurserymen, as Hybrid Perpetuals. 

On account of the diverse parentage of the 
varieties in this group, coming from so many 
different classes, there is great dissimilarity in 
the appearance of the different sorts, but most of 
them are rapid growers, with long, flexible 
shoots ; smooth, luxuriant foliage ; large, rather 
numerous, thorns ; globular or cup-shaped flow- 



20 THE ROSE. 

ers, wMch are freely produced in their season. 
Those of vigorous growth, and most of them are 
such, require but little pruning. Many of them 
make beautiful Pillar Roses, and can be used as 
climbers in positions where extreme rapid growth 
is not required ; in such places they make the 
best summer climbers that we have. 

"It is time, I think, for some alterations in 
the nomenclature and classification of the rose. 
When summer roses — roses, that is, which bloom 
but once — were almost the only varieties grown, 
and when hybridisers found a splendid market 
for novelties in any quantities, new always, and 
distinct in name, the subdivisions yet remaining 
in some of our catalogues were interesting, no 
doubt, to our forefathers, and more intelligible, 
let us hope, than they are to us. Let us believe 
that it was patent to their shrewder sense w^hy 
pink roses were called Albas, and roses whose 
hues were white and lemon were described as 
Damask. Let us suppose that they could dis- 
tinguish at any distance the Gallica from the 
Provence Rose, and that when they heard the 
words Hybrid China, instead of being reminded, 
as I am, of a cross between a Cochin and a 



ROSES IK GENERAL CULTIVATION. 2i 

Dorking fowl, tliey recognized an infinity of dis- 
tinctive attributes which estrange that variety 
from the Hybrid Bourbon in the most palpable 
and objective form. But now that these sum- 
mer roses are no longer paramount — rapidly dis- 
appearing, on the contrary, before the superior 
and more enduring beauty of those varieties 
which bloom in summer and autumn too ; now 
that several divisions formerly recognized are 
gone from the catalogues, and others include but 
two or three able-bodied roses on their muster- 
roll — it would be advisable, I think, to ignore 
altogether these minor distinctions, and to classify 
as summer roses all those which bloom but once. 
Not without a painful sigh can w^e older rosa- 
rians witness the removal of our old landmarks — 
not without a loyal sorrow do we say farewell to 
friends who hav^e brightened our lives with so 
much gladness ; but we cannot long remember 
our losses, surrounded as we are by such abun- 
dant gains, and the tears of memory must pass 
away as quickly as the dew in summer."* 

We think within a few years the suggestion of 
Canon Hole will be partially carried out by 
* S, Reynolds Hole. 



22 THE ROSE. 

nurserymen in their catalogues, but it would yet 
be well to keep in separate groups the Summer 
Climbers, the Austrian Brier, and Moss Roses. 
What remains of such old classes as the French, 
Provence, Damask, Hybrid Bourbon, etc., may 
well be grouped with the Hybrid Chinas. 

The best of the old Hybrid China roses are 
Chenedolle, so called from a mem.ber of the 
Chamber of Deputies in France, a vivid red of 
large size ; Coupe d'Hebe (who w^ould not quaff 
nectar from this ?) ; Mme. Plantier, a valuable 
white rose for massing and for hedges ; and 
Paul Ricaut, still one of the most beautiful roses 
— alas that it blooms but once ! 

The Moss Rose {Rosa CentifoUa Muscosa) is 
believed to be a sport from the Provence Rose, 
and was introduced to England from Holland, 
about the beginning of the seventeenth century. 
They are distinguished from other roses by the 
moss-like substance which surrounds the flower- 
buds, and by the marked Provence scent. The 
shoots are thickly covered with small spines. 
They are very subject, as a class, to mildew, and, 
with a few exceptions, require close pruning, rich 
soil, and high culture. On account of their 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 23 

beautiful buds tliey are great favorites with every 
one, and form decidedly the most valuable group 
of all the summer roses. The finest varieties of 
the race are Common Moss, Crested, and Prolific 
or Gracilis. Most of the kinds have 7 leaflets. 
The Provence Rose {Rosa Centi folia Provin- 
cialis), or Cabbage Hose, is supposed to have 
been known to the Romans, and derives its 
botanical name from the great number of petals 
or flower-leaves. Its origin is not known, but 
growing abundantly in Provence, the South of 
France, has received that name, though the 
French themselves always call it by the botanical 
name of Rose a Cent-Feuilles. Their habit is 
somewhat drooping and straggling, the foliage 
massive ; the flowers are generally of globular 
form and of delightful scent, so that to say a 
variety is as fragrant as the Cabbage Rose is 
commendation enough, so far as scent is con- 
cerned. This class demands good culture and 
close pruning ; though but few in numbers, it 
was formerly an important group, and will ever 
be remembered through the Common Provence, 
or Cabbage Rose, a variety which, though blos- 
soming but once, should be found in every col- 



24 THE ROSE, 

lection of any size. None others are worth cul- 
tivating except the highly scented Crested 
Provence, which is better known as Crested 
Moss, and appropriately placed with the Mosses. 

The Sweet- Brier {Rosa Rubiginosa)^ or Eg- 
lantine, with 7 leaflets, is found growing wild 
in different countries, but the variety known as 
Common Sweet-Brier, a native of England, is 
the only one worth growing. It is almost need- 
less to remark that the pink flowers, which are 
single, possess interest only for the botanist or 
artist ; it is the leaves of the plant which are so 
attractive to general cultivators. After a warm 
spring shower, or when moistened by the morn- 
ing or evening dew, the foliage gives out a de- 
lightful perfume, swi generis^ equalled by few 
rose-blooms. Any garden of considerable size 
should certainly contain a few plants of this fa- 
vorite rose of the poets ; they may be planted in- 
dividually, or in hedges, as they bear clipping 
without injury. 

The Scotch Rose {Rosa Spinosissima), called 
by the French, Kosier Pimprenelle, is, true to 
the botanical name, the most thorny of all roses ; 
but, though possessing some merit, has almost 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 25 

passed out of cultivation. It is a native of Eng- 
land and Scotland, and many varieties have been 
raised from seed and sent out by Scotch nursery- 
men, the names of which are quite forgotten, 
most of them deservedly so. They are of com- 
pact growth, very hardy, generally 9 leaflets, 
and produce small flowers very early in the sea- 
son ; they require but little pruning. The two 
varieties which are perhaps most grown are two 
hybrids, Stanwell's Perpetual and Souvenir of 
Henry Clay (raised in America) ; these give a few 
flowers in autumn in addition to those in spring. 

Part II. — Perpetual or Autumnal Roses. 

Blooming more than once during the season, 
many of them continuously from June to No- 
vember, or until cut off by the frost. 

Class 1. — Climeing ok Running Roses. 

All of these will thrive in any ordinary, good 
garden-soil, that is free from standing water. 
The more vigorous varieties should have but lit- 
tle pruning ; generally to thin out branches that 
crowd the others will be all the knife-work re- 
quired. 



26 THE ROSE. 

Ilyhrid Climhing Roses {Bosa Hyhrida Scan- 
dens) are of modern origin and come from vari- 
ous sources ; the greater number are sports of 
various Hybrid Perpetuals ; several of them have 
an extra vigor of growth at the expense of free- 
dom and size of bloom, but one variety, Chmb- 
ing Jules Margottin, is not only one of the 
strongest growers among them, but yields fully 
as many flowers and of quite as good quality, as 
the parent plant. None of them make growth 
enough to cover large buildings, but for growing 
on a trellis or pillar they are very desirable. 
We are likely to have many valuable additions to 
this class in the near future ; it is already an im- 
portant group. Besides Climbing Jules Margot- 
tin, the most valuable members of the group 
which we have tested are Reine Marie Henriette, 
Princess Louise Victoria , and Climbing Victor 
Verdier. The former was raised from the Climb- 
ing Tea, Mme. Berard, fertilized by General 
Jacqueminot ; it is a highly scented red rose, 
somewhat resembling Cheshunt Hybrid, and 
though not a free autumnal sort will give a num- 
ber of blooms throughout the summer months. 
Climbing Victor Verdier differs mainly from the 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 27 

parent in being of stronger growth, the flowers 
are somewhat smaller, and less freely produced. 
Climbing Edward Morren, Bessie Johnson, and 
Mdlle. Eugenie Verdier are new varieties which 
we have not seen in flower but are well spoken 
of. Other varieties in the class are Catherine 
Bell and Red Dragon. Glory of Cheshunt, 
raised from Charles Lefebvre, is a new variety 
sent out by G. Paul, of Cheshunt, England. We 
saw this in flower, during a visit to Cheshunt in 
August, 1880, and were very favorably impressed 
with it ; should it succeed as well hei'e as there, 
it will be the best rose of the class. It is a vivid 
crimson, freely j)r()duced, and of vigorous 
growth ; it must be a natural hybrid, or cross, as 
no seedling of Charles Lefebvre yet produced will 
compare in vigor of growth with this new sort. 

The Microj^hylla or Small-Leaved Rose {Rosa 
Microphylla) is a native of China, and brought 
from there to England in 1823. The leaf-stalks 
are covered with numerous small leaflets, which 
give a name to the class. They are not quite 
hardy and have with one exception but little 
value. Alba or Alba Odorata seems to have 
some Tea blood ; the flowers are a pale yellowish 



28 THE ROSE. 

white, often pure wliite, and highly scented. 
This is a valuable rose south of Washington. 

The Noisette or Champney Rose {Rosa Mos- 
chata Hyhrida) is of American origin. From 
the seed of the White Musk Eose fertilized by 
the Blush China (Bengal), John Champney, of 
Charleston, South Carolina, raised a variety 
which was called Champney's Pink Cluster. A 
few years after, Philippe I^oisette, a florist, also 
of Charleston, raised from the seed of Champ- 
ney's Pink Cluster a blush variety, which he 
sent to his brother, Louis Koisette, of Paris, 
France, under the name of Noisette Rose, not 
giving credit to Mr. Champney, as the originator 
of the class, which has ever since borne the 
wrong title of Noisette Rose. Louis Noisette 
received it about the year 1817. These roses, 
originally, had the characteristics in a great 
measure of the old Musk Rose, such as scent and 
a tendency to bloom in large clustei-s. The group 
is naturally of strong growth and nearly hardy, 
but the varieties which are now commonly grown 
have generally Tea blood in them, and have 
therefore in a great measure lost their hardiness 
and the tendency to bloom in clusters. 



ROSES IN GEIiTEKAL CULTIVATION. 29 

Among the true Noisettes, Aimee Yibert 
(Scandeiis) is decidedly the most vahiable ; the 
flowers are small but pure white, sufficiently full, 
of beautiful form ; the foliage is a dark lustrous 
green ; growth vigorous. Others belonging to 
this division are Admiral Rigney or Eugene 
Pirolle, Beauty of Greenmount, Caroline Mar- 
niesse, Fellenberg, Ophirie, Pumila, Washington, 
Woodland Marguerite. None of these w^ill have 
interest for small cultivators, excepting perhaps 
Pumila, and this is somewhat more tender than 
the rest. Among the Tea-scented Noisettes we 
have some superb roses, which have far more 
substance, and are much more beautiful, than 
those named above, albeit less hardy. They 
make magnificent climbers under glass, and some 
of them succeed fairly well at the North out of 
doors, if given sheltered positions. In the 
Southern States they are by far the finest climb- 
ers that can be grown. Marechal Neil, which is 
said to have been raised from Isabella Gray, ac- 
cording to general opinion, is at once the best 
Noisette, the finest yellow, and the most beauti- 
ful variety of any class that has ever been sent 
out. Chromatella is another superb yellow, in 



30 THI-: ROSE. 

beauty of iSiower but a few degrees removed from 
the Mareclial ; but she is shy of her charms, and 
unless carefully treated will not display her 
beauty. If you would have flowers in profusion 
from any of these roses, you must keep away the 
pruning-knife, excepting when it is necessary to 
cut away shoots altogether. Dr. Kane and Isa- 
bella Gray are two lovely roses of American 
origin which demand the same skill in manage- 
ment as Chromatella. SoKaterre is the most use- 
ful yellow of them all ; it is hardier, of better 
habit, and more certain to flower than any, and 
the blooms are but little inferior. Besides all 
this, it makes the best stock on which to bud 
Teas, or Hybrids from the Teas, of any that I 
am acquainted with, surpassing that excellent 
stock and parent variety, Lamarqiie. I should 
advise all persons who wish to grow Tea Roses, 
under glass, planted in borders, to put out plants 
of Solfaterre, and on these, after they have made 
suflicient growth, to bud all but the vigorous 
growing Teas. Mareclial Neil and all the Gloire 
de Dijon type of Teas are improved by being 
worked on this stock. Being much less hardy 
than the Common Brier, it would not be so good 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 31 

a foster-parent for the Teas wliicli are worked 
out of doors, but under glass I know of nothing 
equal to it. Lamarque is a superior old white 
rose, which has somewhat gone out of cultiva- 
tion ; but this should not be, for it retains the 
clustering tendency of the race and produces an 
immense quantity of flowers during the season. 
It is a noble rose. Nearly all the fine Tea- 
Noisettes are traced back to Lamarque. Besides 
those already named, we have Celine Forestier, 
Mme. Caroline Kuster, Triomphe de Rennes, 
and W. A. Eichardson, all fine yellow roses, of 
healthy habit and easy of cultivation. 

The Polyantha Iteraontant Rose {Rosa Poly- 
antha) was brought from Japan about the year 
1865, by Eobert Fortune, and is distinguished 
from all other classes by its panicled blooms. 
This peculiarity is not generally retained, how- 
ever, when crossed with other roses, at least not 
in most of the varieties which have been sent out 
as seedlings from it. \l. Jean Sisley, the eminent 
horticulturist of Lyons, says of this class : ''It 
appears not to have crossed any of the other types 
with its own pollen. In a bed I made two years 
ago, with the seed in question (without practis- 



32 THE ROSE. 

ing artificial fertilization), I found pure Eglan- 
tines. I would therefore recommend rosarians 
to try artificial fertilization on the other types, 
as, if we could get Tea-scented Bourbons, and 
Perpetual Hybrids with flowers in panicles, we 
should change the whole aspect of the rose gar- 
den, and in a most interesting way modify the 
rose genus." 

We believe some of the French rosarians 
have acted on this suggestion, and that they 
have in a measure been successful in producing 
roses with these characteristics, as in the two vari- 
eties Paquerette raised by Guillot-fils, and Anne 
Marie de Montravel raised by Rambaux and Du- 
breuil. In August, 1880, when in Lyons, Ave 
saw a very pretty variety of this group raised 
from a seedling of Polyantha crossed by a Tea. 
The blooms, which are of a very delicate salmon- 
pink, are freely produced and highly scented. 
If it proves to be of good habit, it will be a 
charming variety for bouquets, etc. It has since 
been named Mdlle. Cecile Brunner. These 
three sorts are the only ones of value as yet sent 
out ; all are remontant, which is not the case 
with the parent variety. 



ROSES lif GENERAL CULTIVATION. 33 

The Climbing Tea Rose {Rosa Indica Odo- 
rata Scandens) is a class, or division, so distinct 
from the other Teas, that it requires a place for 
itself. Nearly all the varieties catalogued in this 
division are descendants of Gloire de Dijon, but 
hybridizers are making great progress of late, 
and it is probable we shall soon have varieties 
from other strains and outcrosses to be added to 
the list of Climbing Teas. The origin of Gloire 
de Dijon is unknown. It was raised in the 
South of France by Jacotot, and sent out in 
1853, creating a great furor in rose-circles. My 
opinion is, that we have in this a natural hybrid 
j)roduced from the seed of some strong growing 
Tea, or Tea-Noisette which had been impregnat- 
ed by a Bourbon of robust habit. Gloire de 
Dijon and its offspring are of vigorous growth 
when once established, but the young plants re- 
quire a long time (if grown from cuttings) before 
they have vitality enough to push into strong 
growth. It is therefore a great advantage to 
obtain them w^orked on some other stock, such 
as Solfaterre, De la Grifferaie, or seedling Brier. 
The foliage is very large, thick, and lustrous ; 
thorns comparatively few ; the flowers are of 



34 THE HOSE. 

large size, globular shape, full, and with some 
fragrance. None of the progeny are quite equal 
to the mother variety in freedom of bloom, 
hardiness, or fragrance ; Marie Berton, a superb 
pale yellow rose, ranks second. Next in order 
come Belle Lyonnaise, Mme. Trifle, and Mnie. 
Berard, this last being too much like Gloire de 
Dijon to be valuable in a small collection. The 
new variety, Heine Marie Henriette, which 
might be classed w^ith these, has already been 
mentioned and described among the Hybrid 
Climbers. This sort, unlike the Gloire de Dijon 
race, will make strong plants grown from cut- 
tings, rooting and growing as freely as General 
Jacqueminot. Besides these varieties, we have 
Climbing Devoniensis, a sport from old Devo- 
niensis and identical w^itli it in flower, but of 
much stronger growth. Except Climbing De- 
voniensis they are more than half-hardy, and will 
do well out of doors in positions that are shel- 
tered. 

Class 2. — Autumnal non-Climbers. 

The Bengal or China Rose (Rosa Indica) is 
a native of China which was brought to Europe 



ROSES IN GEXEKAL CULTIVATIOX. 35 

some time during the eighteenth century. Two 
varieties were introduced, the Bhish China and 
Crimson China ; from these a great number of 
seedlings have been raised, many of them crosses 
from Teas. Two groups are often made of these 
roses, but there is no necessity of this, as very 
few differ sufficiently to make two divisions de- 
sirable. They are of moderate, branching 
growth, with foliage and flowers both small. 
They require a rich soil and close pruning ; thus 
favored, they give perhaps a greater quantity of 
flowers during the season than any other class. 
They are not hardy and have no fragrance, but 
in spite of this are a very vahiable group on ac- 
count of the profusion of crimson buds which 
are furnished by such sorts as Agrippina. A 
bed of Agrippina, on a lawn, is a most desirable 
thing ; none of the other crimsons are quite 
equal to this old sort, from whatever jDoint of 
view they be considered ; among them, we note 
Eugene Beauharnais, Fabvier, Louis Philippe. 
The leading varieties of lighter shades are Cels 
Multiflora, Clara Sylvain, Ducher, and Mme. 
Bureau. Two varieties of the class which have 
marked peculiarities are Yiridiflora or Yiridis- 



36 THE ROSE. 

cens, and James Sprunt. The former is prob- 
ably a sport from tlie old Blush, or one of its im- 
mediate descendants ; its peculiarity consists in 
green flowers which are freely produced ; though 
curiouSj they are not attractive, and there is no 
value in it, save as a curiosity. James Sprunt 
originated in the year 1858. Eev. James M. 
Sprunt, D.D., a Presbyterian clergyman of 
Kenansville, North Carolina, divided some strong 
plants of Agrippina. Afterwards he observed a 
single shoot from one of these plants growing 
vigorously without flowers or branches ; it grew 
over fifteen feet before it showed any flower 
buds, the rest of the plant retaining its normal 
characteristics. This shoot branched out very 
freely the following year, and cuttings taken 
from it invariably retained the same climbing 
habit. The flowers of James Sprunt are some- 
what larger and fuller than Agrippina, but are, 
of course, not produced till the j)lant has made 
considerable growth. It is a valuable green- 
house climber. What are called Fairy Eoses are 
miniature Bengals ; we do not consider them of 
any value, the Bengals are small enough. 

The Bourbon Rose {Rosa Boiirhoniana) was 



ROSES IN GEXEllAL CULTIVATION". 37 

obtained from the Isle of Bourbon and taken to 
France (either seeds or j^lants) in the early part 
of the century. It Avas noticed growing in a 
hedge of Bengal and Damask Perpetual Roses, 
and on examination proved distinct from either, 
but seemed to have characteristics which ]3er- 
tained to both. It has been considered therefore 
as a natural hybrid, a product from these two 
groups. Except in the case of varieties strongly 
impregnated with Tea blood, this class is suffi- 
ciently hardy to withstand all but extraordinary 
winters ; the tops may be blackened by the frost, 
but shoots will push forth from the lower buds. 
The varieties vary greatly in grow^th and other 
features, but most of them are of vigorous habit, 
and have dark, lustrous foliage. The flow^ers 
are generally of light shades and found in clus- 
ters, and are specially valuable in the autumn, 
when so many Hybrid Perpetuals belie their 
name. Bat it must not be overlooked that many 
Bourbon Roses are also shy autumnals, though 
mention of this is seldom made in any of the 
catalogues, and the impression is therefore gener- 
al that all Bourbon Roses produce flowers freely 
in the autumn. There are several well-known 



38 THE ROSE. 

sorts, like Dupetit Thouars, Sir J. Paxtoii, etc., 
that will not produce flowers in the fall of the 
year at all, unless specially pruned and treated. 
Those which are of moderate growth require rich 
soil and close pruning ; such are Hermosa, Queen 
of Bourbons, Souvenir de la Malmaison, and the 
new Queen of Bedders, all excellent varieties 
worthy a jilace in a small collection. The 
stronger growers need to have less wood re- 
moved, but must have moderate pruning. The 
best of them are Appolline, Comice de Tarn-et- 
Garonne, Duchesse de Thuringe, Edward Des- 
fosses, George Peabody, and Malmaison. If these 
have the shoots moderately cut back so soon as 
each is through flowering, they will give a suc- 
cession of flowers from June until cut off by the 
frost. Souvenir de la Malmaison is the general 
favorite of this group, but I consider Appolline 
as the most valuable ; it flowers with the same 
freedom as Hermosa, when cut back as directed 
above, and has large cup-shaped blossoms of 
rosy-carmine that are very attractive. No col- 
lection can be complete with this variety left 
out. 

The Hybrid Noisette Rose {Rosa Noisettiana 



ROSES IN GENEllAL CULTIVATION. 39 

Ilyhrida) is a comparatively n ew group of con- 
siderable importance. The varieties of this 
class generally, though not always, flower in 
small clusters and bloom very freely throughout 
the season ; they are of about the same degree of 
hardiness as the Bourbons — that is will winter 
with perfect safety if given some slight protec- 
tion, such as hilling up earth about the plants or 
covering them with loose litter or evergreen 
branches. It is not easy to ascertain the origin 
of this class, but the varieties are mostly from 
crosses of Bourbon on Noisette and mce versa. 
They all require pretty severe pruning. Tlie 
most beautiful in the class are Madame j^oman, 
Mdlle. Bonnaire, and Eliza Boelle, a trio of white 
roses which might well represent the three 
Graces. There is too strong a resemblance be- 
tween them to make all desirable in a small col- 
lection, but it is difficult to know which of them 
to reject. Our own preference inclines towards 
Madame ISTorman. These are the most delicate 
in habit ; of the stronger growing varieties 
which partake more of the Noisette character, 
Coquette des Alpes, Coquette des Blanches, and 
Mme. Auguste Perrin are most noteworthy. 



40 THE ROSE. 

Baronne de Muynard, Madame Alfred de Kouge- 
mont, and Madame Frangois Pittet are worthy 
a 23] ace in collections of considerable extent. 

The Hybrid Perpetual^ or Hybrid Remontant 
Rose {Rosa Damascena Hybrida), is hy far the 
most valuable, if not the most beautiful, of all 
groups of roses. The first varieties sent out 
were mostly from crosses of Bourbons upon 
Damask Perpetuals and Hybrid Chinas ; after- 
wards crosses were made with varieties of Prov- 
ence, Damask, and French Roses upon Bour- 
bons, Bengals, and Teas, and vice versa. The 
progeny of these was then recrossed with differ- 
ent classes, and so it is we have a group of the 
most heterogeneous character, combining the 
good and bad qualities, in greater or less degree, 
of nearly all the others. There are certain types 
in this group which gather together many varie- 
ties, in wdiich the relationship to some one sort 
is readily discerned, as the Jules Margottin type. 
General Jacqueminot and its progeny, and the 
La Reine family ; but there is a vast number of 
sorts whose kinship cannot be traced ; this is ow- 
ing to the fact that the greater number of varie- 
ties have been raised from mixed seed, where no 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 41 

record was made of tlie names ; and also that in 
many cases, where the seed of different varieties 
was sown separately, there has often been a care- 
lessness in making such a record, dependence 
being placed on the memory alone. So that 
many varieties whose parentage is given are 
oftentimes not properly traced ; it being made a 
matter of conjecture, or left to fallible memory 
to recall. The varieties differ greatly in all 
their characteristics, and so require somewhat 
different culture and treatment. Those that are 
of vigorous growth, as in other classes, need 
much less pruning than those of dwarfed habit, 
for if cut back too severely they run too much 
to wood. There have been hundreds of varie- 
ties of this class sent out, and the number of new 
sorts somewhat increases each year. Eugene Yer- 
dier, of Paris, has been foremost in the dissem- 
ination of new sorts, and it will be interesting to 
take note of the number of varieties offered by 
him, including those of his own raising, for a 
few years back. In 1872 he offered for sale 39 
new Hybrid Perpetual Roses, 8 of them his own 
seedlings ; in 1873 he offered 45, 10 of them his 
own ; in 1874 he offered 46, 10 of them his 



42 THE ROSE. 

own ; in 1875 he offered 48, 12 of them his 
own ; in 1876 he offered 34, 10 of them his 
own ; in 1877 he offered 41, 10 of them his 
own ; in 1878 he offered 40, 10 of them his 
own ; in 1879 lie offered 42, 8 of them his own. 
There are, of course, several new sorts each year 
which M. Yerdier does not get hold of ; including 
these it will be seen that there are not less than 
45 new Hybrid Perpetual Roses introduced eacli 
year ; perhaps one-fifth of them are worth grow- 
ing, certainly not more. The rest, either from 
being inferior in quality to old-established sorts, 
or from too great similarity to them, are ulti- 
mately consigned to the rubbish heap. 'No satis- 
factory selection can be made from this innu- 
merable class, except as made for some special 
end, and having some prominent features in 
view. We therefore give special chapters to a 
consideration of the best Hybrid Perpetuals for 
special purposes, in which the various merits and 
peculiarities of different varieties are discussed 
at some length. 

The Hybrid Tea Rose {Rosa Indica Odorata 
Hyhrida) is a new group produced from cross- 
ing Teas with Hybrid Perpetuals. This is a class 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 43 

but jet in an incipient state ; within a few years 
it is likely there will be a great number of varie- 
ties where now there are but few ; it is also to 
be expected that there will be various and dis- 
tinct types among them. Indeed among those 
we already have, La France, Cheshunt Hybrid, 
and Beauty of Stapleford show almost as mark- 
ed variations as could be found among any 
Hybrid Perpetuals. In these three, we have La 
France, which, with a perfume i3eculiarto itself, 
is the sweetest of all roses, and equal to any in 
the prof usion of bloom ; Cheshunt Hybrid, which 
shows the Tea blood in its foliage more than in 
any other way ; what fragrance it has is more 
like that of Alfred Colomb or Prince Camille 
than like a Tea ; it seldom shows a flower after 
the first of August ; and Beauty of Stapleford, 
entirely without scent, but with a decided resem- 
blance to the Teas in foliage, appearance of the 
flowers, and profusion of bloom. These roses 
must prove more hardy than most of the Teas, 
but more susceptible to frost and of more deli- 
cate constitution than the majority of the Hybrid 
Kemontants. Certain ones among- them, as La 
France, Duchess of Connaught, and Viscountess 



44 THE ROSE. 

Falmouth, combine beautiful flowers with great 
profusion of bloom and intense fragrance ; such 
are the kinds that give value to the class, and 
unless raisers can supply new varieties in the 
group which combine these three qualities, they 
should be withheld as unfit to send out. Jean 
Sisley, Captain Christy, and Beauty of Staple- 
foi'd may have value now, while the group is 
yet small, but being devoid of scent are not 
varieties to pattern after. Captain Christy occu- 
pies a somewhat equivocal position in this class, 
being seeded from a Hybrid Perpetual Hose 
(Victor Yerdier) fertilized by the Tea Safrano, 
while all the others are seeded from Tea Roses 
fertilized by Hybrid Remontants ; but it seems 
eminently proper that at least all direct crosses 
between the two classes, no matter whether the 
seed parent be Tea or Hybrid Perpetual, should 
be grouped with the Hybrid Teas. These roses 
are all of moderate growth, and must have close 
pruning and be grown in rich soil. Most of 
them (ten varieties) were sent out in 1879 by 
Mr. Henry Bennett, of Stapleford, England. It 
is not yet known how desirable they will be for 
out-of-door culture, but for forcing under glass 



ROSES II^^ GENERAL CULTIVATION. 45 

a few of Bennett's raising are proving to be of 
some value. Thej seem to produce as many 
flowers in the season as do the Bengals, excelling 
many of the Teas proper in profusion of bloom. 
Beauty of Stapleford and Duchess of Westmin- 
ster furnish very pretty rose-colored buds, which 
are unfortunately scentless. Duchess of Con- 
naught, at a first glance, might readily be mis- 
taken for La France, having much the same 
shade of color, but the flowers are somewhat 
smaller and of rounder form ; it is the only 
variety which resembles La France in perfume. 
Jean Sisley does not open well in the house, and 
is a scentless variety of rather a muddy shade of 
color ; we do not consider it of value. Nancy 
Lee is highly 2)erfumed and gives lovely formed 
buds, but it is of very delicate habit. Michael 
Saunders and Viscountess Falmouth are two sorts 
of considerable substance, highly scented, which 
we consider valuable introductions; the latter has 
a delightful blending of the perfumes to be found 
in the parents President (Tea) and the Moss 
Soupert-et-^^Totting, the odor of the Moss pre- 
dominating. Duke of Connaught and Hon. 
George Bancroft are two dark roses, which will 



46 THE ROSE. 

be more valuable to tlie florist, if sufficiently vig- 
orous, than all the rest ; the former is the deeper 
in shade, but, in spite of its breeding, is without 
scent ; the latter, though of lighter color, is highly 
perfumed ; both give beautiful buds. Pearl is 
a small rose with a distinct Bourbon fragrance, a 
good thing for cut flowers. The four new 
Hybrid Teas of French origin, Cannes La 
Coquette, Mme. Alexandre Bernaix, Mme. 
Etienne Levet, and Mdlle. Brigitte Yiolet, all 
promise to be useful sorts. This class of roses, 
on account of its novelty and promise of useful- 
ness, is now looked upon with more interest than 
any other, and will, in a few years, very likely 
prove the most popular class, excepting the Hy- 
brid Perpetual and Tea. 

The Perjpetiial Moss Hose {Bosa CeiitifoUa 
Mitscosa) has the same characteristics (and needs 
the same treatment) as the Moss Pose already 
described, but in addition to the June blossoming 
produces flowers during the summer and autumn. 
There are but three sorts which we consider 
worth growing. Many worthless varieties in the 
class have been sent out ; if the flowers were of 
fair quality, they were so seldom seen after the 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 47 

montli of June as to belie tlieir name. Mme. 
Edward Ory and Salet botli give mossy buds that 
are not equal in quality to other Mosses, but give 
them at a time of year when the others are not 
to be had, and are therefore very useful. Sou- 
pert- et-]Notting is not encumbered with a super- 
fluity of moss, if it is with a name, but we have 
here a large rose-colored sort, very full, of fine 
form, and a strong delightful perfume that may 
keep one sniffing for a long time before he can 
go away satisfied. Our eyes may brighten at the 
sight of other autumnal roses more beautiful than 
this, but there are very few sorts so grateful to 
that other important sense — smell. With oh ! 
and with ah ! and sundry other relevant remarks 
we may gloat over this rose, as does the street 
Arab inspecting the pies and confections in the 
window of a pastry-shop. 

The Tea Rose {Rosa Indica Odorata) may 
well be taken as a synonym for all that is deli- 
cately beautiful. What refinement of color ; 
what subdued, yet powerful, fragrance do they 
possess ! They are indeed the centre of loveli- 
ness ; like fair maids at a reception surrounded 
by admiring groups, these lend beauty to the 



48 THE HOSE. 

others, which may well strive to jfind a near ap- 
proach to their sweet presence, that perchance 
they may receive a smile, and borrow beauty, 
diffused from their chaste loveliness. There has 
always been a warm place in my heart for the 
Tea Rose, for, sub rosa, let me confess it, this 
was my first love (I fear no conjugal jealousy 
or censure in making this confession) ; a bed of 
Tea Roses planted near my father's house first 
won me as a devotee to the rose, and by foliage 
and flower I learned to distinguish varieties 
among: them before I even knew the names in 
other classes ; I should now as soon think of 
doing without roses altogether as not to have a 
bed of Teas in my garden. 

Several varieties in this group were brought to 
England from China, their native place, in the 
early part of the century ; among them were the 
Blush Tea and Yellow Tea, two varieties from 
which most of the sorts now in cultivation have 
descended. Both of these kinds are free seed- 
bearers, the Yellow Tea more particularly ; it has 
beautiful buds of pale yellow, but the habit of 
the plant being unhealthy it has now nearly gone 
out of cultivation. The old Blush is also no 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 49 

longer named in most catalogues, but there are 
many rosarians still living who cherish it in 
affectionate remembrance and recollect it as one 
of the most fragrant in the family. Most of the 
varieties in this group are very sensitive to any 
neglect, and will show very quickly whether they 
have met with good or ill treatment ; the soil can 
scarcely be made too rich for their reception, but 
it must be light, warm, and well drained. If 
the place chosen consist of heavy clay soil, a foot 
or more must be dug out, carted away, and filled 
up with that which is mellow. As most of the 
varieties are of but moderate growth, they re- 
quire rather close pruning. To protect them 
during winter, we advise hilling up earth 
about the plants and then spreading over ever- 
green branches or loose litter. Care must be ex- 
ercised that the plants be not embedded and 
packed down with a heavy mass, otherwise decay 
and death will ensue ; some air will needs be ad- 
mitted ; the plants must be protected but not 
smothered. 

The Tea class is much more uniform in the 
characteristics of the different varieties than are 
any of the other large groups. In judging of 



50 THE ROSE. 

their merits we lay less stress on fulness of flower 
than on other claims, because that most of those 
which have comparatively few petals are very 
beautiful in bud, and it is for the buds that Teas 
are largely prized. Thus Isabella Sprunt and 
Marie Guillot are two roses highly prized, but one 
of them is only semi-double, while the other has 
so many petals that they do not always imfold 
satisfactorily. The flowers vary very greatly in 
size as well as in fulness, some of them, like 
Canary, Caroline, and Monsieur Furtado, being 
quite small, and others being large, as Madame 
Bravy, Souvenir d'un Ami, etc. 

This has now become such a large division that 
it is no easy matter to select out a number of varie- 
ties for commendation, but those named below 
are at once among the most beautiful, and, at the 
same time, of the most healthy hahit — a very im- 
portant feature to be considered. 

Bon Silene, Isabella Sprunt, and Safrano are to 
be chosen for their buds only ; Mme. Falcot, a 
seedling of Safrano, has fuller flowers of nearly 
the same shade, but they are not so freely pro- 
duced and the habit of the plant is more feeble. 
The following are fine in both bud and flower : 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 51 

Boiigere, Catherine Mermet, Comtesse Riza du 
Pare, Gerard Desbois, Homer, Jean Duclier. 
Jean Pernet, Madame Bravy, Madame de Yatrj, 
Madame Lambard, Madame Welclie, Marie 
Ducher, Marie Yan Iloutte, Monsieur Furtado, 
Niplietos (a poor grower), Perle des Jardins, 
Rubens, Sombreuil, Souvenir d'un Ami, Tri- 
omplie de Luxembourg. Among these Niphetos 
is the only one of bad growth, but it is so much 
the finest of the white Teas, that it should find a 
place in every collection of any size. Full de- 
scriptions of all these sorts will be found else- 
where. 



CHAPTER III. 

TECHNICAL TERMS. 

The rosarian and the hasty reader are invited 
to pass by this chapter, but if, unversed in rose- 
lore, any reader become interested in the subject, 
there will be found many terms, mostly botanical, 
which require some explanation, as presented 
herewith, and to which they may be glad to 
refer. 

Anther. A rounded knob at the summit of the 
filament ; a portion of the stamen which 
contains the pollen or fecundating matter of 
the flower. 
Armed. Provided with thorns or prickles. 
Calyx. An envelope which holds the other parts 
of the flower ; it consists of narrow green 
leaves or sepals of a pithy texture ; these 
sepals generally cohere by their edges. 
Callus. A swelling which occurs at the base 
of a cutting previous to the formation of 
roots. 



TECHNICAL TERMS. 53 

Corymb. Flower stalks produced along a com- 
mon stalk which rise so as to form a level 
top. 

Disbudded. Deprived of flower buds. Flower 
buds are pinched or cut away, in order that 
those remaining will attain greater perfec- 
tion. 

Eye. The stamen and pistils of a flower. Some- 
times this term is used synonymously with 
bud. 

Filament. The thread-like part of the stamen 
which supports the anther. 

Hip or Hep. The fruit or seed pod. 

Hybrid. A cross, which is the product of a 
mixture of two different species. 

Leaflet. One of the divisions of the compound 
leaf with which all roses are furnished ; these 
are attached to the petiole by minor foot 
stalks. 

Maiden Plant. That which blooms for the first 
thne after Inidding or grafting. 

Ovary. The hollow portion at the base of a pis- 
til containing the ovules or bodies destined 
to become seeds. 

Panicle. A cluster of flowers irregularly pro- 



54 THE ROSE. 

duced from a main stem, or peduncles vari- 
ously divided. 

Peduncle. The stalk upon which the flower is 
borne. 

Petal. A leaf of the flower. 

Petiole. The stalk to which are attached the 
several leaflets. 

Pistil. The columnar seed-bearing organ in the 
centre of a flower ; sometimes there are 
several in one flower ; it consists of one or 
more styles, one or more stigmas and the 
ovary. 

Pollen. The fecundating powdery substance 
found in the anthers. 

Remontant. As applied to roses that which 
flowers the second time. From the French 
verb to remount. 

Sepals. Those leaves which form the calyx. 

Sport. A shoot or sucker from a plant which 
shows either in foliage, flower, vigor of 
growth, or in all of them, some peculiar fea- 
ture or features, distinct from the rest of the 
plant. 

Stamens. The male organs of fructification in a 
flower, surrounding the pistil. 



TECHNICAL TERMS. 55 

Stigma. The top portion of the pistil which 

receives the pollen and connects with the 

ovary by a tnbe through the centre of the 

style. 
Style. The erect column, sometimes several 

combined in one, which connects the stigma 

with the ovary. 
Sucker. A branch or shoot which proceeds from 

the root, or stem of the plant, just below 

the surface. 



CHAPTER IV. 

POSITION A^D SOIL. 

The first requisite in the culture of roses is 
the selection and preparation of a suitable place 
for planting. This is very important, as all that 
follows depends upon the care used in this first 
step. 

To begin with, then, choose the best place you 
have in the garden, a place where you can offer 
sufficient protection by means of hedges or board 
fences from bleak sweeping winds. When 
fences are used, their general ugliness can be 
most appropriately clothed by roses themselves. 
A warm, sunny position is also requisite ; if so 
situated that there is an exposure to the morning 
sun, and the hot rays during the afternoon are in 
part or wholly shaded, all the better, but a cer- 
tain amount of sunlight is as essential to a rose's 
welfare as to our own, though many of us do not 
show our appreciation of the blessings of sunlight 
as gratefully as do our roses. Besides scattering 



POSITION AKD SOIL. 57 

them tlirougli our gardens, roses may be made 
very effective planted in borders about our lawns, 
either individually or in groups, and also planted 
in beds on the lawn. 

Thoughtlessness often leads people to plant 
roses under the shadow of overhanging buildings, 
or close to large deep-rooted trees ; and then 
there is inquiry and wonderment why the plants 
are always covered w^ith mildew ? and why they 
do not blossom and grow as those in a neighbor's 
yard, where there are always beautiful roses to 
be seen ? There is much more in common, or 
should be, between animal and plant life, than is 
practically acknowledged by most of those who 
strive to grow roses. Both demand for their 
perfect development a sufficiency of nourishing 
food and drink, a pure atmosj^here, a tempera- 
ture as equable as possible, and thoroiigli cleanli- 
ness. Let every one who plants roses bear this 
in mind and we shall find a wonderful improve- 
ment in the quality and quantity of the flowers. 

'' Some having heard that a free circulation of 
air and abundance of sunshine are essential ele- 
ments of success, select a sj^ot which would be 
excellent for a windmill, observatory, beacon, or 



58 THE ROSE. 

Martello tower ; and there tlie poor rose-trees 
stand, or, more accurately speaking, wobble, 
with their leaves, like King Lear's silver locks, 
rudely blown and drenched by the to-and-fro 
contending wind and rain. 

^' Others, who have been told that the rose loves 
shelter, peace, rej)ose, have found ' such a dear 
snug little spot,' not only surrounded by dense 
evergreen shrubs, but overshadowed by giant 
trees. Rest is there assuredly — rest for the rose, 
when its harassed life is past, when it has nothing 
more for disease to prey upon, no buds for the 
caterpillar, no foliage for the aphis — the rest of 
a mausoleum ! I was taken not long ago to a 
cemetery of this description, which had been re- 
cently laid out ; and there was such a confident 
expectation of praise in the pretty face of the 
lady who took me, that I w^as sorely puzzled how 
to express my feelings. I wished to be kind, I 
wished to be truthful ; and the result was some 
such a dubious compliment as the Sultan paid to 
the French pianist. The Frenchman, you may 
remember, was a muscular artist, more remark- 
able for power than pathos ; and he went at the 
instrument and shook and worried it as a terrier 



POSITION AND SOIL. 59 

goes in at rats. His exertions were sudorific ; 
and when he finished the struggle, with beads on 
his brow, the Sultan told him, ' that although 
he had heard the most renowned performers of 
the age he had never met one who — perspired so 
freely !' Nor could I, with my heart as full of 
charity's milk as a Cheshire dairy of the cow's, 
think of any higher praise of the plot before me 
than that it was an admirable place for ferns ; 
and therefore, when my commentary was received 
with an expressive smile of genteel disgust, as 
though I had suggested that the allotment in 
question was the site of all others for a jail, or 
had said, as Carlyle said of the Royal Garden at 
Potsdam, that ' it was one of the finest fog-pre- 
serves in Europe, ' then, without further prevari- 
cation, I told the truth. And the truth is, that 
this boundless contiguity of shade is fatal, and 
every overhanging tree is fatal as an upas-tree to 
the rose. The rose in close proximity to a for- 
est-tree can never hope to thrive. In a two- 
fold sense it takes umbrage ; robbed above and 
robbed below, robbed by branches of sunshine and 
by roots of soil, it sickens, droops, and dies. ' ' * 

* "A Book about Roses." 



60 THE ROSE. 

Ill connection with a choice of location, we 
must see that roses are provided with a proper 
soil. They will do well in any ordinary garden 
soil that is free from standing water and well 
drained. When there is too much clay, the soil 
can be made sufficiently friable by the application 
of wood and coal ashes, lime, burnt earth, etc. 
When, on the other hand, a soil is sandy or too 
light, we need to bring clay, muck, leaf mould, 
etc., to obtain sufficient body. This soil must, 
of course, be thoroughly manured and worked ; 
frequent spading will do a great deal toward 
lessening the stiffness of a heavy soil. On no 
account attempt to make roses grow in a wet 
S230t ; if there be such a place which it is desired 
to use, let the soil be thoroughly drained by 
sinking tiles to a depth of four feet, or provide 
in some other way for carrying off the water. 
Where it is impossible to find a position capable 
of being drained by tiles from the ground being 
too flat, the soil may be removed to a depth of a 
few feet, and stones, bricks, debris of any kind, 
thrown in ; but whenever the water can be car- 
ried off in tiles it is better to do so. 



CHAPTEE Y. 

PLANTING AND PRUNING. 

EosES that have been grown ont of jDOts 
should, if possible, be planted while in a dormant 
condition ; for, if removed for transplanting 
while the sap is flowing freely, and the plant is 
in vigorous growing condition, there occurs too 
great a shock, one from which the plant does not 
easily recover. All roses, therefore, taken from 
the open ground should be planted during the 
autumn or spring ; the more hardy kinds, such as 
the summer roses, most of the Hybrid Perpetuals, 
and possibly some of the Bourbons, may prefer- 
ably be planted in the autumn ; the more tender 
sorts in the spring. Plants that have been prop- 
agated from cuttings, or layers (on own roots), 
should be set, as nearly as possible, as they were 
grown in the nursery. Budded or grafted 
plants should be set so that the junction of the 
bud or graft is about two inches beneath the sur- 
face of the soil. Planted in this wav there is 



62 THE liOSE. 

much less liability of suckers from the stock be- 
ing put forth, and opportunity is afforded for the 
plant to put forth roots from the bud or graft ; 
this often takes j)lace, so that ultimately the 
plant is virtually on its own roots. Hoses that 
are j^ot-grown can be planted at any time from 
April till October, but if set out during the heat 
of summer special care must be given in water- 
ing, etc. Respecting the sized plants which 
should be set out, we earnestly advise all those 
who can obtain them to put out plants of one or 
two years' growth that have made a free but not 
excessive growth, with well-ripened wood ; these 
can be obtained at most of the large reliable 
nurseries. Many florists do a large and exclusive 
business in sending by mail small plants, cuttings 
of a few wrecks' growth ; this is all very well, to 
give opportunity to many people to obtain plants, 
wbich could not, owing to the lack of express or 
railroad facilities, be forwarded in any other 
way ; but these bantlings often require much 
care and tender nursing, and are seldom of any 
account until the second year from planting, for 
in order to promote their growth the flower bnds 
should be kept cut off daring the first year — if 



PLANTING AND PRUNING. 63 

allowed to produce any, they are not only not of 
first quality, but enfeeble the plant ; whereas 
older plants, carefully grown, will give effective 
results the first year. Some nurserymen make a 
practice of cutting away all the flower buds from 
free blooming varieties, which form on the young 
plants during the first year's growth ; this prac- 
tice is highly to be commended ; such plants are 
far more valuable to the purchaser than those not 
so treated. Quality should always be preferred 
to quantity ; this is true whether respecting the 
plants or the flowers of roses, and one good two- 
year plant is worth more than six of the suck- 
lings often sent by mail — poor, weak infants, 
w^hich never should have been sent from the 
rmrsery — just as one good bloom of Marie Bau- 
mann, or Alfred Colomb, is ^vorth half a dozen 
of Pius the IX. or Triomphe de 1' Exposition. 

Care must be exercised that the soil about the 
plant be well pulverized and no hard lumps 
allowed to remain in contact with the roots ; 
after that the plants are set out, he sure that they 
arefinnlyp7'essed in with the feet or hands; plants 
that are loosely stuck in the ground can never do 
well. Another prominent thing to bear in mind 



64 THE ROSE. 

is : never allow the plants to lie exposed to the 
wind and sun, keep them covered until ready to 
plant. The distance apart is somewhat regulated 
bj the vigor of growth ; the strongest growers 
should be put about three feet apart ; for those of 
weaker habit, one or two feet would suffice. In 
planting beds, if of more than one variety, the 
strongest sort should be in the centre and those 
of the weakest habit on the outside. It is almost 
unnecessary to say, that no planting should be 
attempted if the ground be very wet, or very dry, 
as during a summer drought ; and that very late in 
the season, whether autumn or spring, is not a 
good time to set out roses ; few things suffer so 
much from late spring planting as do roses ; if 
the buds have pushed forth, it is generally time 
and money thrown away to set out plants, other 
than those jpot-grown. The reason pot-grown 
plants can be used after the others is that the soil 
in which they are grown can be retained when 
the roses are removed from the j)ots, and the 
plants continue to grow without check. Pot- 
grown roses must not be immediately exposed to 
the rays of a hot sun ; if planted out they should 
receive some shade for a few days, and be carefully 



PLA>^TrNG AND PRUNING. 65 

watered. Water must not be apj^lied during the 
heat of the day, but in the morning or evening. 
The pruning of roses is one of the most im- 
portant features connected with their culture, 
but no directions that can be given will prevent 
some mistakes from being made. It is practical 
experience alone that will enable one to deter- 
mine just what is to be done in each individual 
case, and just how to do it ; but the general 
principles that should govern can be easily stated 
and comprehended. I would recommend the 
operator to procure what is known as a pruning- 
knife, having a hooked blade, and also a secateur, 
or pair of pruning-shears ; the latter is better for 
cutting away shoots from the centre of a bushy 
plant and is the quickest and most easy to handle, 
but where a very smooth cut is desired, the prun- 
ing-knife will be found most effective ; it is also 
less likely to bruise the bark. All roses that come 
from the open ground should be pruned before 
planting, or immediately after. Many persons 
who are careless, or not informed, set out the 
plants just as they come from the nurseries ; un- 
der such circumstances the plants cannot thrive, 
the sap has too many buds to nourish and a weak 



66 THE ROSE. 

growth ensues. The shock from transplanting 
must be met by a shortening of both shoots and 
roots ; the shoots being shortened the number 
of buds to draw upon the sap is reduced and a 
more vigorous growth follows. Not only should 
all bruised roots be pruned, cutting away to the 
sound part, but also all those large ones that are 
uninjured, for by this they are induced to put 
forth small roots of fibrous nature, which are of 
great assistance in promoting health and vigor 
of plant. 

The cut made in pruning should be as nearly 
liorizontal as possible, so that there shall be but 
a slight exposure of wounded surface ; it is gener- 
ally preferable to cut from the inside, and to 
see that the top bud which is left points out- 
ward. If the plants bleed after the operation 
the surface of the cut should be smeared over 
with wax or other substance ; often a coating of 
mud will answer. Roses are pruned both early in 
the spring and in the autumn ; we prefer the 
former season, but wdien done then, care must 
be had not to put it off too late, for if not attend- 
ed to early, the sap will have pushed toward the 
upper buds, and when pruned there will be 



PLANTING AND PRUNING. 67 

bleeding or exuding of the sap. The pruning 
should therefore take place while the plants are 
dormant, and before the sap begins to flow. 
The chief objects to be held in view in pruning 
are the formation of a symmetrical plant, and to 
promote the formation of bloom buds. To 
secure tliese the following general rule must be 
observed : Plants of delicate habit and weak 
'growth require severe ^pruning j those that are 
vigorous in growth shoidd have the shoots only 
moderately shortened^ hut the branches well 
thinned out. If varieties of vigorous habit are 
closely pruned, a great growth ensues and very 
few flowers ; hence it is of the utmost importance 
to know the character of the variety that is to 
be operated on. Besides pruning the plants in 
March, a summer pruning is desirable with many 
varieties of Hybrid Perpetuals, so soon as the 
June blossoming is over, in order to induce the 
formation of flower buds later in the season. 



CHAPTER YI. 

MANURES. 

We trust that impatient readers will not pass 
by tliis chapter witli turned-up nose and a sniff 
of disdain, for the subject is an important, albeit 
an unpleasant one, to handle. We shall make it 
short, if not sweet. 

Manure, if new, should never be applied so as 
to come in contact with the roots, but may be 
spread on the surface of the earth as a mulch ; 
this is often done with advantage in the autumn, 
digging it in in the following spring. Manure 
which is to be dug in about the plants must be 
decomposed, and may be advantageously mixed 
with a compost of good turfy loam and spent 
hops ; all animal manure is useful for roses, par- 
ticularly droppings of the cow, pig, and sheep ; 
these mixed with a comj^ost as named form the 
best fertilizers that can be used. Besides these, 
the cleanings from the poultry house, night soil, 
soot, bone-dust, and guano will all be found ex- 



MANURES. 09 

cellent, but notliing I believe is better tlian a 
mixture — one-third eacb — of cow-dung^ rotted 
hops, and turfy loam. Horse-dung is much bet- 
ter for heavy soils than for light, and cow-manure 
does not do so well for soils inclining to be wet. 
In the hot, dry weather, which we often have in 
summer, a good watering of liquid manure will 
be of very great benefit to the plants, more espe- 
cially during the time of the formation of flower 
buds. " The happy rosarian who has a farm- 
yard of his own will, of course, have a large 
covered tank therein, for the reception and pres- 
ervation of liquid manure. At all times, of 
drought especially, this Avill be more precious as 
a restorative and tonic to his roses than the waters 
of Kissingen, Yichy, orHarrowgate to his invalid 
fellow-men. Only let him remember this rule of 
application — weak and oft rather than strong 
and seldom. I bought my own experience 
by destroying with too potent potations — for- 
getting that infants don't drink brandy neat — 
the delicate fibrous rootlets of some beautiful 
rose-trees on the Manetti stock. ""^^ Night soil 
would be found a most valuable manure, if peo- 
* S. R. Hole. 



70 THE ROSE. 

pie would only riglitlj prepare and use it, but 
each rosarian points to the other and wonders 
why no one is found to make use of this valuable 
commodity which now goes to waste, but no one 
takes hold. " The Romans reverenced Cloacina, 
the goddess of the sewers, and the statue which 
they found of her in the great drains of Tarquin- 
ius was beautiful as Yenus's self ; but they 
honored her, doubtless, only as a wise sanitary 
commissioner who removed their impurities, and, 
so doing, brought health to their heroes and love- 
liness to their maidens. They only knew half 
her merits ; but in Olympus, we may readily be- 
lieve, there was fuller justice done. Although 
weaker goddesses may have been unkind — may 
have averted their divine noses when Cloacina 
passed, and made ostentatious use of scent-bottle 
and pocket-handkerchief — Flora, and Pomona, 
and Ceres would ever admire her virtues, and 
beseech her benign influence upon the garden, 
the orchard, and the farm. But the terrestrials 
never thought \X\dXfoex urhis might be lux orhis^ 
and they polluted their rivers, as we ours, with 
that which should have fertilized their lands. 
And we blame the Eomans very much indeed ; 



MANURES. 71 

and we blame evervbody else very much indeed ; 
and we do hope the time will soon be here when 
such a sinful waste will no longer disgrace an 
enlightened age ; but beyond the contribution of 
this occasional homily, it is, of course, no affair 
of ours. Each man assures his neighbor that the 
process of desiccation is quite easy, and the art 
of deodorizing almost nice ; but nobody ' goes 
in.' The reader, I have no doubt, has with me 
had large experience of this perversity in neigh- 
bors, and ofttimes has been perplexed and pained 
by their dogged strange reluctance to follow the 
very best advice. There was at Cambridge, 
some thirty years ago, an insolent, foul-mouthed, 
pugnacious sweep, who escaped for two terms 
the sublime licking which he ' annexed ' finally, 
because no one liked to tackle the soot. There 
were scores of undergraduates to whom pugilism 
was a thing of beauty and a joy forever, who 
had the power and the desire to j)nnish his im- 
pudence, but they thought of the close wrestle 
— they reflected on the ' hug,' and left him. To 
drop metaphor, there is no more valuable manure; 
but it is, from circumstances which require no 
explanation, more suitable for the farm than the 



72 THE ROSE. 

garden, especially as we have a substitute (farm- 
yard manure) quite as efficacious, and far more 
convenient and agreeable in nse." * 

* "A Book about Eoses," S. Reynolds Hole, 



CHAPTER YII. 

INSECTS AND DISEASES. 

No one can be more profoundly impressed 
with the curse entailed on Adam and his de- 
scendants than the reverent rosarian ; for all 
that is hostile and bad, animate and inanimate, 
seem to combine in greater degree to prevent the 
successful cultivation of the rose than is the 
case with any other well-known flower. Few 
things, for example, can be more effective in 
their season than a massive bed of pgeonies ; 
they have all the shades of the rose, are more 
hardy, and know nothing of mildew or the rav- 
ages of insect enemies ; but they are almost en- 
tirely neglected — very unjustly too — that proper 
attention may be given to our roses, which need 
constant care and attention to make their culture 
profitable. The price to be paid for beautiful 
roses is eternal vigilance hispired by reverent 
love. '' He who would have beautiful roses in 
liis garden must have beautiful roses in his heart. 



74 THE ROSE. 

He must love them well and always." A genu- 
ine lover of roses is not discouraged by the 
knowledge of the difficulties that attend the cul- 
ture of his favorites, the rather is he incited to 
succeed in spite of all obstacles and drawbacks, 
knowing that as faint heart never won fair lady, 
he cannot expect the smiles of Marie Baumann, 
or Marie Yan Houtte, unless he thoroughly cul- 
tivate the acquaintance of these beauties, and 
wait upon them with more attention and deeper 
concern than would tlie gallant of the ball-room 
upon the attendant belles. 

The following are the chief foes with which 
the rose has to contend : 

The Aphis {Aphis liosm)^ or Green Fly, is 
well known by all who have grown roses. It iS a 
small green louse, about one eighth inch in length 
when fully grown, usually wingless. Their bodies 
are oval and soft, they secrete a sweet fluid, of 
which ants are very fond. The presence of ants 
on roses is good evidence, did we require it, that 
the Aphis are at work. They are very prolific 
in breeding ; Keaumur estimates that one indi- 
vidual in five generations may become the pro- 
genitor of nearly six thousand millions of de- 



INSECTS AND DISEASES. 75 

scendants. Tliroiigli their slender beak they 
suck the juices of the plant, always working at 
the tender shoots, and in a short time will, if 
unmolested, destroy the vigor or vitality of 
any rose they infest. Much the best destruc- 
tive agent to use against them is tobacco smoke ; 
when this cannot be applied, a liquid solution, 
made from tobacco stems or leaves, or from 
quassia, will be found an efficient method of 
working their destruction. Take four ounces 
of quassia chips, or tobacco stems, and boil 
them about ten minutes in a gallon of soft 
water ; strain off the chips, and add four ounces 
of soft soap, which should be dissolved in it as it 
cools, stirring well before using. It may be 
applied by dipping a whisk broom in the mixture 
and sprinkling all shoots that are infested. 
Whale-oil soap, dissolved in water, is also a use- 
ful remedy. 

Mildew. — This is a fungous disease often 
caused by great and sudden atmospheric changes, 
and by a long continuance of damp, cloudy 
weather. The best proved remedies are sulphur 
and soot ; one of these should be applied the 
moment the disease makes its appearance ; the 



7b THE ROSE. 

plants should be sprinkled with water so that the 
substance applied will adhere, or else let it be 
put on early in the morning while the dew is yet 
on the plants. Some localities are much more 
subject to visitations of this disease than others, 
and in such places care should be taken not to 
plant varieties that are known to be specially lia- 
ble to mildew. As it is contagious, spreading 
from one plant to another, we should advise the 
destruction of such sorts as belong to the Giant 
of Battles type (see chapter on Typical Roses) ; 
better it is to sacrifice a few kinds than that all 
should be disfigured with this annoying fungus. 
Generally, mildew makes its ap^^earance in the 
autumn, when the nights grow cool ; at this sea- 
son it w^orks but little harm and may be disre- 
garded, since the plants have made their growth 
and the wood is nearly, or quite, ripe. 

The Red Spider is a most destructive little 
insect, which generally commits its ravages in the 
greenhouse ; they only make their appearance 
when favored by a hot, dry atmosphere. These 
insects are very small, scarcely distinguishable 
by the eye, if isolated ; they are of a dark, red- 
dish-brown color, found on the under sides of 



INSECTS AND DISEASES. 77 

the leaves. They cause the foliage to assume a 
yellow tinge, and will soon make sickly the plant 
they infest. A few applications of whale-oil 
soap dissolved in warm soft water will often 
destroy them ; this can be applied with a syringe, 
taking care to throw the water npw^ard to reach 
the leaves affected late in the afternoon, and 
then washed off with pure w^ater the following 
morning. This insect does not attack plants that 
are syringed with water daily, and all plants 
grown under glass, not in flower, should be 
sprayed regularly. When a house that has been 
infested with Red Spider can be emptied of the 
plants, it is well to burn sulphur on charcoal em- 
bers ; the fimies from the salphur are fatal to 
nearly all insect life, and a house can by this 
means be soon freed from this insect ; as burn- 
ing sulphur is also destructive to plant life, this 
process can only be used in emptied houses, un- 
less only a slight quantity be used at a time. 

Rose Hopper, or Tiirip {Tettigonia Hosce^ of 
Harris). — This is perhaps the most troublesome 
pest w^ith which the rose is afflicted in the open 
air. It is a small, yellowish-white insect, about 
three-twentieths of an inch long, w^ith transpar- 



78 THE ROSE. 

ent wings. Like the Red Spider, tliey prey 
upon tlie leaves, working on the under side ; they 
seem to go in swarms and are very destructive to 
the plant, soon causing the foliage to assume a 
sickly, yellow appearance. As they jump and 
fly from one place to another, their destruction 
is less easy to accomplish than is the case with 
other enemies. We have found syringing the 
plants with pure water, so as to wet the lower 
side of the leaves, and then dusting on pow- 
dered white hellebore, will destroy or disperse 
them. Another remedy, nearly or quite as 
good, is a solution of whale-oil soap, which must 
also be applied so as to reach the leaves from 
beneath. 

Rose Caterpillar, or Leaf-Roller.— There 
are several kinds of caterpillars, belonging to an 
order called Lepidoptera, which prey upon the 
rose. They are the young of moths or butter- 
flies, varying from one-half inch to three-quarter 
inch in length ; some of these are green and 
yellow, others brown ; they all envelop tliem- 
selves in the leaves or burrow in the flower 
buds. Powdered hellebore sprinkled over the 
plants will prevent in a large measure their mov- 



INSECTS AND DISEASES. 79 

ing over the plants, but the only method of kill- 
ing them, which is really effectual, is by crush- 
ing between finger and thumb. This crushing- 
process may not be considered an agreeable pas- 
time, but it must be done, and fastidious j)eople 
can either delegate the work to others, or go 
armed, not ca^ a pie, but with gloved hands, and 
perform the work themselves. It is time to look 
out for these marauders when the buds are 
formed and begin to show signs of plumpness. 

Rose Chafer, or Rose Bug. — This (the 
Melolontha subspmosa, of Fabricius) is a brown 
beetle, a httle less than one-half inch in length, 
which comes from the ground about the second 
week in June, or when the Damask Rose is in 
blossom. Many localities are never troubled with 
this pest ; where it does appear, it is never alone, 
but in swaiTns ; the insects attack the flowers in 
preference to the foliage, and seem to be more 
fond of white and light-colored flowers than of 
those which are dark. In a very short time they 
entirely disfigure and greatly injure the plant 
which they attack ; an application of Paris green 
dusted over the plants is very destructive to 
them, but being so dangerous a poison, we 



80 THE ROSE. 

recommend hand-picking and burning of the 
bugs in preference. The application of tobacco- 
water, whale-oil soap, etc. , is useless, for in order 
to have any effect upon the bugs the solution 
would have to be made so strong that it would 
work injury to the plants. 

Hose Slug. — These slugs are the larva of a 
saw-fly, called by Harris Telandria Hosce, an 
insect about the size of a common house-fly, 
which comes out of the ground during May and 
June. The female flies puncture the leaves in 
different places, depositing their eggs in each in- 
cision made ; these eggs hatch in twelve or fif- 
teen days after that they are laid. The slugs at 
once commence to eat the leaves, and soon make 
great inroads upon the foliage, if not checked. 
They are about one-half inch long when fully 
grown, of a green color, and feed upon the upper 
portion of the foliage. The best remedies are 
powdered white hellebore, or a solution of whale- 
oil soap. 

White Grub. — These grubs are the young of 
those buzzing, sticky abominations known as 
May-bugs. The beetles are thus described by 
Harris : '* During the month of May, they come 



INSECTS AND DISEASES. 81 

forth from the ground, wlience they have re- 
ceived the name of May-bugs or May-beetles^ 
They pass the greater part of the day upon trees, 
ch'nging to the under sides of tlie leaves in a state 
of repose. As soon as evening apj^roaches, they 
begin to buzz about among the branches, and 
continue on the wing till toward midnight. In 
their droning flight they move very irregularly, 
darting hither and thither with an uncertain aim, 
hitting against objects in their way with a force 
that often causes them to fall to the ground. 
They frequently enter houses in the night, ap- 
parently attracted as well as dazzled and bewil- 
dered by the lights. Their vagaries, in which, 
without having the power to harm, they seem to 
threaten an attack, have caused them to be called 
dors, that is, darers ; while their seeming blind- 
ness and stupidity have become proverbial in the 
expressions ' blind as a beetle' and ' beetle-head- 
ed.' After the sexes have paired the males per- 
ish, and the females enter the earth to the depth 
of six inches or more, making their way by means 
of the strong teeth which arm the forelegs ; here 
they deposit their eggs. . , . From the eggs 
are hatched, in the space of fourteen days, little 



82 THE ROSE. 

wliitisli grubs, each provided with six legs near 
the head, and a mouth furnished with strong 
jaws. When in a state of rest, these grubs usu- 
ally curl themselves in the shape of a crescent." 
These annoying pests live in the earth for three 
years, feeding on the roots of roses and other 
plants, and give no sign of their presence till the 
plant on which they feed commences to whither 
or turn sickly. So soon as evidence is given of 
their ravages, the pLant should at once be dug 
around and search made for the grub, that his 
destruction may save other plants from death. 
The grub is more fond of the roots of strawber- 
ries than of any other food, and if these berries 
are grown alongside of roses a careful lookout 
must be had. It is a fortunate thing that the 
grub does not confine himself to a rose-diet, else 
would the culture of our favorite flower often 
be conducted with more plague than pleasure or 
profit. 

There are other insect enemies of the rose be- 
sides those we have named, but they seldom do 
any great damage, and we think our readers are 
ready to cry, enough of bugs. We have given a 
list of remedies for controlling the ravages of 



INSECTS AND DISEASES. 83 

the various pests which worry the rose, but it is 
with our roses as with ourselves, prevention is 
always better than cure. A pure atmosphere, 
cleanliness, by the free use of waiter, etc., heal- 
thy food, not necessarily that which is most 
nutritious, but that which can with certainty be 
assimilated or digested, are requirements com- 
mon to our own lives and those of our roses, if 
they are to be healthy ones. A watchful care, 
with systematic attention to watering, syringing, 
etc., will often keep away insect enemies that 
would otherwise surely come to torment us. 
Many gardens in the suburbs of cities are 
supphed with water conducted from the mains 
of the water works in pipes ; those who have 
such a supply of water in their grounds will find 
it an easy matter frequently to spray all the 
plants both from beneath and above. The fre- 
quent and vigorous application of water is as 
hateful to the insects described as it is to fight- 
ing cats, and every one who grows roses (or cats) 
should be provided w^ith that most useful instru- 
ment the garden syringe , it is a most valuable 
weapon of defence or of offence, whether used, 
in keeping off the Rose Hopper or in dispersing 



84 THE KOSE. 

tlie caterwauling midnight marauders that may 
come within range. 

There are some insects which entomologists 
claim to be useful, as destroying those which are 
noxions ; such are the larvae of the Garden 
Beetle, Rose Beetle, Ladybird and others, which 
feed upon Aphis and caterpillars. I know 
nothing of the truth of this from personal obser- 
vation, and do not see how their aid can be con- 
sidered of any great value, since the solutions, 
etc., which are necessary to apply when noxious 
insects make their appearance, w^ould be pretty 
certain to destroy friend and foe alike. I have 
much more confidence in the help to be obtained 
from the despised toad, and some of the birds, 
especially the ground -bird and sparrow ; the toad 
will devour many of the worms and caterpillars, 
the birds will destroy not only these, but also the 
insects wdiich infest the plants. The aid of the 
birds might be enlisted by daily scattering a few 
crumbs among the plants ; when they have con- 
sumed the crumbs they will naturally turn their 
attention to the insects at hand, and thus repay 
their benefactors. 



CHAPTER YIII. 

PROPAGATION. 

There are four methods used in propagating 
roses — by cuttings, by budding, by grafting, by 
layering ; in importance they rank in the order 
named, and in this order we will briefly consider 
them. 

Although the principles which govern the art 
of propagation are the same the world over, it 
will be found that rosarians differ widely in 
working out details ; thus, in the production of 
roses from cuttings, we, in America, are as much 
more successful than our European brethren as 
they excel us in the production of budded and 
grafted plants. 

By Cuttings. — There is no doubt but that 
plants grown from cuttings are the most useful 
for general purposes, and the greater number of 
our choice varieties can be grown in this way 
without difficulty ; but there are some beautiful 
kinds, like Baroness Bothschild, which root with 



86 THE ROSE. 

great difficulty ; these sorts can only be profitably 
grown by budding or grafting. Cuttings can be 
made at any time of the year. The old ideas 
that the wood "tnust be cut at a joint or with a 
heel, and that it is essential they should be 
placed in bottom heat, have l)een thoroughly ex- 
ploded. The most successful propagation by 
cuttings, for the largest number of kinds, is made 
during the late winter months from strong plants 
one or two years old that have been grown in 
open ground, potted in the month of November; 
or from plants which have been growai in pots 
for one year, or planted out under glass. Cut- 
tings of all kinds which root freely, like General 
Jacqueminot, Victor Yerdier, etc., can be made 
from one eye only, and cut between the joints 
fust as w^ell as after the old fashion of cutting to 
a heel, and with three or more eyes — an unneces- 
sary and wasteful process. All of the large com- 
mercial establishments in this country do most of 
their rose propagation in the months of January, 
February, and March ; the cuttings are made to 
one eye and dibbled m beds of sand, or in some 
cases are placed in pots of sand and these pots 
plunged in beds of sand ; underneath the staging 



PROPAGATION. 87 

which supports the cuttings run hot-water pipes 
or flues ; these are commonly boarded-in to secure 
bottom heat, and this I beheve to be the best 
method. Some rose-growers make no attempt at 
confining the pipes or flues, and produce excel- 
lent plants without resorting to bottom heat, but 
it is a slower process, and there is a somewhat 
great percentage of cuttings which fail to root. 
Advocates of this system claim that they secure 
healthier, stronger plants in the end than they 
would by the use of bottom heat. There is no 
doubt that plants propagated in a closely confined 
house in a high temperature are apt to turn out 
of weak constitution, but we believe the best re- 
sults follow where plants are propagated in a 
bed at a temperature of about YO degrees, with 
the temperature of the house a few degrees 
less. However, these matters concern nursery- 
men and florists more than amateurs, for this 
class does not care to put in operation anything 
that requires much expense. When but few cut- 
tings are desired they can be pLaced in pots and 
will take root in four or five weeks after inser- 
tion, grown in any ordinary conservatory or 
greenhouse. After the cuttings have taken root 



88 THE ROSE. 

they should be potted in pots not exceeding two 
and a half inches in diameter. Certain kinds of 
roses take root without difficulty, others are so 
stubborn that the amateur would do well not to 
attempt their propagation until he has proved 
himself an adept in growing the others. The 
sorts most difficult to root are the various varie- 
ties of Moss, most of the summer roses, and cer- 
tain varieties of Hybrid Remontants belonging 
to the Jules Margottin, Baron ne Prevost, and 
Baroness Rothschild families. (See chapter on 
Typical Eoses.) All of the Tea and Monthly 
Roses, with very few exceptions, root and grow 
freely from cuttings. 

Besides using green wood, some propagators 
make cuttings from hard wood — that is, shoots 
thoroughly ripened, taken in the autumn. Man- 
etti cuttings are always made from wood taken 
in autumn, and the various varieties of Prairie 
Roses are often grown in this way. In some 
establishments large quantities of cuttings are 
made during the summer months and grown in 
hotbeds ; the plants produced are salable in the 
autumn and are largely used by florists. In 
selecting stock plants from which to propagate, 



PROPAGATIOX. 89 

care sliould be had that only those be chosen 
wliich are vigorous and healthy, otherwise a sick- 
ly or weak progeny will result. 

By Budding. — This is an important method, 
second only to propagation by cuttings. 

The chief disadvantages are these : first, it is 
more expensive. The stocks are to be j^urchased 
and cared for (they cannot often be profitably 
grown in our hot climate), and it will be found 
that the labor of budding, suckering, cutting back 
stocks, etc., wnll make the operation far more 
costly than growing plants from cuttings. Bud- 
ded plants are not desirable for inexperienced 
amateurs, since novices do not detect the suckers 
which, not infrequently, come up from the roots 
and if not cut away ultimately choke the plant. 
A. third objection is found in the fact that bud- 
ded plants are more frequently killed by severe 
w^inters than plants on own roots. 

On the other hand, by budding w^e are enabled 
to grow varieties which are so difficult to root 
from cuttings, that their propagation would be dis- 
continued by all large rose-growers were it not for 
this method. Varieties like Baroness Hothschild, 
Mabel Morrison, Marquise de Castellane, Madame 



90 THE HOSE. 

Boll, Marguerite de St. Amande, etc., are as yet 
almost indispensable, but no nurseryman would 
long grow them from cuttings. There is another 
class of roses often advantageously grown by 
budding, these are varieties of moderate growth 
like A. K. Williams, Horace Yernet, Madame 
Yictor Yerdier, Mademoiselle Eugenie Yerdier, 
Marie Baumann, Xavier Olibo, etc. All these 
kinds are invigorated by being worked on some 
strong stock, like the Manetti. A third advan- 
tage of budded roses is for use as stock plants, and 
also for forcing. Budded plants of many kinds 
(not the Jacqueminot type) can be taken up in 
October or IMovember, and with ordinary treat- 
ment will give as fine a crop of flowers as plants 
of the same varieties which have been grown all 
summer in pots at much more expense and labor. 
I would not advise any reader to purchase 
budded roses who cannot tell, by the wood, the 
difference between Persian Yellow and General 
Jacqueminot, between Marie Baumann and Salet 
— indeed amateurs who cannot do this do not 
deserve to have roses at all, for they would not 
be able to distinguish between the shoots of the 
Manetti suckers and their Louis Yan Houtte or 



PROPAGATION. 91 

Victor Yerdier (altliongli the Manetti is most 
distinct from all other roses). 

Many kinds of stocks have been tried on which 
to bud roses, as the Brier, the Grifferaie, etc., 
but for general use in this country we very 
greatly prefer the Manetti. The stocks are 
planted in nursery rows about three feet between 
the rows, and six or eight inches apart ; in July 
and August the buds are inserted ; the lower the 
buds can be put in the better, as the liability to 
send up suckers is thereby greatly diminished, 
and opportunity is also afforded the plant of be- 
ing ultimately established on its own roots. 

Peopagation by Grafting. — This is a profit- 
able mode to pursue when done in winter under 
glass, using plants of Manetti or Brier grown in 
pots for the purpose. Grafting roses on the 
root cannot be made profitable, as such a large 
percentage fail to grow. Stock grafting is car- 
ried on in England and elsewhere with great 
success, and although the plants are not so desir- 
able (owing to the graft being of necessity some 
distance above the roots) as those propagated by 
the other methods, it affords nurserymen an op- 
portunity of more quickly securing a stock of 



92 THE KOSE. 

new sorts, and also is advantageous as an aid in 
producing more vigorous plants of sucli varieties 
as Niplietos, than can possibly be obtained from 
cuttings. 

Propagation by Layering was once practised 
to considerable extent, but it is a slow method, 
and is now but little used. Good plants can be 
obtained in this way of Persian Yellow and some 
other varieties which do not strike from cuttings, 
and it is the only method by which certain kinds 
can be produced on their own roots. 

Besides the methods spoken of, roses are also 
produced from seed, but this is only done where 
it is purposed to secure stocks, as seedling Briers, 
or where it is the aim to obtain new varieties. 



CHAPTER IX. 

EXHIBITING ROSES. 

Until recently little attention has, in this 
country, been given to a careful exhibition of 
roses, but of late years a decided interest has 
been taken in the matter, and very creditable dis- 
plays are now made in Boston and New York. 
The Massachusetts Horticultural Society has 
done a great deal to encourage exlubits of cut- 
roses, and the numerous boxes of splendid flow- 
ers to be seen at Boston every June attract ad- 
mirers from all parts of the land. Much has 
been written and said for and against the exhibi- 
tion of cut-roses in boxes. Objectors to the sys- 
tem claim that wrong impressions are given to 
the public ; amateurs see beautiful flowers of a 
certain v^ariety, and are thereby led to purchase 
and attempt to grow plants of it, only to discover 
that they don't grow ; the variety being of feeble 
constitution and requiring skilful treatment, lives 
but a dismal life at their hands, and it is Anally 



94 THE ROSE. 

discarded as worthless ; or it may be, the sort in 
question proves to be a kind that gives a few 
good blooms in June and plenty of shoots and 
leav^es the rest of the year, but nothing else. 
Wrong impressions are doubtless often received 
at these exhibits, for to gain by observation a 
correct impression of the general qualities of any 
variety it must be seen at different times, grow- 
ing in the garden or nursery row in quantity. 
On the other hand, these exhibitions certainly 
make prominent the more beautiful roses, and as 
we are first attracted to a rose by the richness 
or delicacy of its color, and the symmetry 
of its form, we have placed before us for easy 
comparison the highest ty23es of beauty to be 
found in the rose family ; and although from 
seeing individual flowers we learn nothing of the 
character of varieties, as respects profusion and 
continuity of bloom, or vigor and healthfulness 
of growth, we, nevertheless, can be assured that 
those kinds which 2i^\)^2iY frequently and in great 
perfection in different boxes are kinds which 
will certainly be useful ones for general cultiva- 
tion. Varieties, particularly those not of recent 
origin, which now and then sparsely appear in 



EXHIBITING ROSES. 95 

great beauty, are not to be trusted on prima-facie 
evidence. The warning, "trust lier not, she's 
fooling thee," should be borne in mind in the 
examination of the beauties of these erratic stars, 
and no one should commit himself in allegiance 
to them without some knowledge of their actual 
worth. 

The following rule of the Massachusetts Horti- 
cultural Society referring to boxes for exhibition 
is ojiven for the information of those interested 
in the matter. All roses competing for prizes, 
except those for the general display, must be ex- 
hibited in boxes of the dimensions named below : 



Length. 


Breadth. 




Height. 




For 24 roses, 4 ft. 


1 ft. 6 in. 


Back of box, 6 in. ; 


front, 4 in 


" 12 roses, 2 ft. 2 in. 


1 ft. 6 in. 


(< 


6 in. ; 


" 4 in 


" 6 roses, 1 ft. 6 in. 


1 ft. 6 in. 


<( 


6 in. ; 


" 4 in 


" 3 roses, 1 ft. 


1 ft. 6 in. 


(( 


6 in. ; 


" 4 in 



Two of the most important points connected 
with showing roses are the proper arrangement 
as regards size and colors of the flowers. 

^' Cut first of all your grandest blooms, because 
no Mede nor Persian ever made law more unal- 
terable than this : The largest roses must he 
placed at the hack, the smallest in the front, and 



96 THE ROSE, 

the intermediate in the middle of your hoxes. 
They become by this arrangement so gradually, 
beautifully less, that the disparity of size is im- 
perceptible. Transgress this rale, and the result 
will l)e disastrous, ludicrous, as when some huge 
London carriage -horse is put in harness with the 
paternal cob, or as wdien some small but ambi- 
tious dancer runs round and round the tallest girl 
at the ball in the gyrations of the mazy waltz. 
. . The arrangement of roses with regard 
to their color has not been studied as it deserves 
to be. The amateur with more leisure than the 
man of business for the study of the beautiful, 
and for the most effective display of his fewer 
flowers, ought to excel, but, as a rule, does not. 
His roses are very rarely made the most of in this 
respect, but are frequently marred and spoiled, 
the colors clashing and contending with each 
other instead of combining against their common 
adversary. It is told of a highly sensitive dame 
whose silly pride was in dress, that she went into 
hysterics before a large j^arty when her great 
rival in millinery came and sat upon the ottoman 
beside her in a grand garment of the same color 
as her own, but of a much more brilliant and 



EXHIBITING ROSES. 97 

effective dje ; and I liave seen many a rose wliicli 
would weep, if it could, aromatic rose-water, 
subdued by a like despair. Once upon a time six 
pretty sisters lived at home together always. In 
looks, in figure, in voice, gait, and apparel, they 
exactly resembled each other. Young gentlemen 
seeing them apart, fell madly in love, as yoimg 
gentlemen ought to do ; but on going to the 
house and being introduced to the family they 
were bewildered by the exact similitude, didn't 
know which they had come to see, couldn't think 
of proposing at random, made blunders, apolo- 
gies, retreats. It seemed as though all these 
charming flowers would be left to wither on the 
virgin thorn, when one of them was j^ermitted 
to leave her home upon a visit to a distant friend. 
She returned in six weeks hie7i fiancee, and six 
months after was a bride. The rest followed 
her example. So it is that six scarlet roses or six 
pink roses in close proximity perplex the specta- 
tor, and depreciate each other by their monoto- 
nous identity ; isolated or contrasted we admire 
them heartily. ' ' * 

Hoses should be cut and placed in their proper 

* " A Book about Roses," Chapter XIV., S. Reynolds Hole. 



98 THE ROSE. 

positions for exhibition in the same boxes in 
which they are to be shown previous to the time 
appointed for exhibition. Some favored indi- 
viduals who live close by the place where the 
show is held find it practicable to bring the 
flowers in baskets or trays, and arrange them in 
their proper positions in the room where they are 
to be displayed two or three hours before the 
time appointed for the judges to go their round. 
'W^liere roses come from any distance they should 
be carefully arranged at home, and then when 
the boxes arrive at destination any flowers that 
suffered in transit can be replaced from the sup- 
ply put up for this purpose. The day being 
cloudy and cool, roses may be cut at any time, 
but it is prudent to rely on the early morning 
liours as the best time for the purpose. An ex- 
perience in cutting roses at sunrise, on a fresh cool 
morning in June, is an experience worth living 
for« A careful examination of one's treasures 
the day before the flowers are to be cut will en- 
able one to estimate the strength on hand and de- 
cide finally as to what classes shall be contended 
for. All the details should be considered in ad- 
vance, and the writing of cards, giving names of 



EXHIBITING KOSES. 99 

varieties, providing green moss, etc., not left till 
the last moment. Amateurs who do not compre- 
hend the manner of construction of exhibition 
boxes and the way the flowers are to he arranged 
in them, would do well to apply to the Secretary 
of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Hor- 
ticultural Hall, Boston, who will have sent to 
them a box from which they can pattern, or all 
the boxes required will be sent ; he will also fur- 
nish the schedule of prizes offered by the society. 
I mention this society because its exhibits are of 
higher character than any others, both as regards 
the quality of the flowers displayed and the 
general arrangements and facilities afforded. 
Boston excels in the exhibit of Hybrid Remon- 
tants, while New York stands first in staging fine 
Teas, but at both places displays are made that 
should have the encouragement of all who are 
interested in the improvement of our rose exhi- 
bitions. 



CHAPTER X. 

ROSES UNDER GLASS. BY J. N. MAY. 

Theke are a number of roses which do not 
attain perfection when grown in open air, and 
others that do not thrive at all except nnder 
glass. For these it is necessary to provide a rose- 
honse, which, besides enabling ns to grow satis- 
factorily the delicate kinds, will supply us with 
flowers during the winter months of any more 
robust sorts we choose to grow. If it is desired 
to grow more than one family of roses, two or 
more houses are desirable, so that they can be 
treated to suit their several requirements. Tea 
Roses need one treatment, Hybrid Perpetuals 
and nearly all hardy roses require another some- 
what different. I will first give the treatment 
requisite for insuring the best results with Tea 
Roses, commencing with their propagation. 

Cuttings. — Use young, vigorous wood taken 
from healthy plants ; the wood is in the right 
condition when the flower buds are well devel- 



ROSES UNDER GLASS. 101 

oped. Take cuttings with two or three leaf 
stalks, remove the lower one and make a smooth 
cut, if possible just beneath where the leaf stalk 
was removed ; with the back of the knife knock 
off all thorns from the w^ood and insert the cut- 
ting in your bed of sand ; press around the cut- 
ting firmly, and water thoroughly with tepid 
water. After this process the cuttings should 
never be allowed to get dry, the sand must be 
kept moist by frequent syringing. If the tem- 
perature of the house is kept at from fifty to 
fifty-five degrees at night and from sixty to 
seventy during the day, the cuttings will be well 
rooted in twenty-eight or thirty days after the 
day they are put in. 

To know when they are in the right condition 
to pot off : with a thin, flat stick, carefully pry a 
few out of the sand; if they have made roots one- 
half inch long, they can be potted. The soil 
must be prepared by taking three parts good 
loam, one part sand, one part well-rotted cow- 
manure ; these are to be thoroughly mixed and 
placed in a vjarm position. Use two-and-a-half- 
inch pots, press about the cuttings firmly ; when 
potted place near the glass. Do not water 



102 THE ROSE. 

heavily for a few days ; until they begin to grow 
freely a light syringing, just enough to keep the 
plants from becoming dry, is all that is necessary. 

In about three weeks, the plants, if properly 
treated, will be ready to shift into four or five- 
inch pots. The same care used in the first pot- 
ting must be observed in this. By w^atering the 
plants an hour or so before shifting, they will 
leave the pot with a ball of earth, and thus but 
slight check or disturbance is given to the growth 
of the plants. The pots should always be filled 
to the amount of one-fourth or one-fifth their 
depth with broken pieces of pots, or similar sub- 
stances, in order to secure perfect drainage. 
After four or five weeks' growth the plants should 
be ready for the second shift, when six or seven- 
inch pots will be needed. The same soil should 
be used, but with the addition of one shovelful 
of pure ground bone to every forty shovels of soil ; 
this must be well mixed. In shifting plants 
always use clean pots. 

The best time to make cuttings is during the 
month of January ; if you cannot obtain good 
cuttings of your own, order young plants from 
some good grower, to be delivered to you some 



ROSES UXDEll GLASS. 103 

time in February or March. Tliese plants will 
probably be from two-and-a-half -inch pots and 
will be ready for their first shift. Do not order 
the plants sent by mail, for under no circum- 
stances will plants by mail ever be as good as 
those sent by express ; for the reason that the 
soil is shaken off the roots when prej^ared for 
mailing, and the roots get damaged in transit. I 
would rather pay double the price for every plant 
I wanted and have them come by express than 
have them mailed at one-half the price. 

After that the sun causes the temperature of 
the house to rise during the day ; as during mild, 
clear days in February, March, and April, careful 
attention must be paid to ventilation ; air is to be 
given from the ridge, never from the front, un- 
til after the first of June, or the plants will suffer 
from mildew, etc. The Aphis must be kept off 
by tobacco fumigation ; never allow the plants to 
become in the least infested. Prevent mildew by 
dusting flower of sulphur on the pipes or flues, 
which should previously be moistened with water. 

The plants will be ready for removal from the 
houses to open air about the first of June. The 
position chosen for plunging the roses must not 



104 THE ROSE. 

be one exposed to sweeping winds or strong 
draughts of air. The pots may be phmged in a bed 
of coal-ashes, or any similar material, about four 
inches in depth. The plants should be syringed 
once a day to keep them healthy ; if the surface of 
the soil becomes green carefully remove it and 
mi up with fresh soil. When the pots are filled 
with roots we give the final shift for the season, 
using eight, nine, or ten-inch pots according to 
the size and strength of the plant. If it is de- 
sired to grow the plants on benches, out of pots, 
this last shift is not used. For this purpose the 
side benches should not exceed three feet six 
inches in width, and next the front should be 
twelve or fourteen inches from the glass. The 
benches must be so made as to hold five or six 
inches of soil, and the bottom boards laid one- 
half inch apart, so as to secure good drainage ; 
over the cracks are placed thin sods, the grass side 
downward ; these prevent the soil from being 
washed away by watering. The first bench be- 
ing nearer the glass than the others should be 
used for the more delicate growing kinds, like 
Niphetos, etc. If the house be not pitched too 
high, the middle bench can be made level, like 



ROSES UNDER GLASS. 105 

the front one, nsing the back portion for the 
taller growing sorts. The third bench, if there 
be one, mnst be raised so as to bring the plants 
about the same distance from the glass as does 
the first one. The plants should be placed about 
sixteen or eighteen inches apart, each way, and 
should be in position in June or July. When 
well established and growing freely, give them a 
mulching of good rotten manure mixed with 
bone-dust ; one shovel bone-dust to twenty of 
manure is a good proportion. The amount of 
water to be given will vary with the weather ; 
during clear and hot days they should have a 
vigorous spraying, given by a syringe or from the 
hose, twice a day. When it is cloudy or cool 
they may need but a slight sprinkling once a day. 
The soil should never be allowed to become dry 
so as to show dust, or to be saturated with 
water ; either extreme is dangerous to the health 
of the plants. From the time of planting out, 
say the last of June, until the middle of Septem- 
ber, or until the nights become chilly, all the 
ventilators should be constantly left wide open ; 
wdien cool weather begins they must be closed at 
night, but air should always be given from the 



106 THE KOSE. 

ridge during the day, unless the weather be 
adverse. It should be the endeavor to keep the 
temperature fifty-five degrees at night, and sixty- 
five to eighty degrees during the day. If these 
instructions are carefully heeded, there will be 
an abundant supply of fine roses all through the 
season, from the first of October to the end of the 
following June, when the same process will be 
repeated. Although the old plants can be used 
for a second season, I do not advocate it ; the 
extra expense and trouble of renewing the beds 
of soil and the plants every season, I have proved 
by experience is more than compensated for by 
the better and more constant supply of fine 
blooms. 

If it is decided to grow the plants in pots all 
the season a somewhat diiferent treatment is to 
be followed. After the final shift the plants are 
again placed on the bed of ashes, where they are 
constantly to be watched and cared for, the dead 
leaves picked off and the surface of the soil occa- 
sionally stirred, care being taken not to disturb 
the young roots. During hot weather it is best to 
water in the evening, but when the nights be- 
come cool the morning is a better time. By the 



ROSES UNDER GLASS. 107 

middle of August we slightly withhold watering, 
so that the plants may obtain a hardy constitu- 
tion and a partial rest of a few weeks. The 
greenhouses should be thoroughly cleaned, ready 
to receive the plants by the middle of Septem- 
ber. After the plants are housed they should be 
mulched with thoroughly rotted cow-manure, 
fifteen parts, mixed with one part pure ground 
bone. As much is to be placed on each pot as 
will remain and not wash off. The soil is to be 
examined to see that it does not get too wet. In 
ten or fifteen days after the plants are placed in 
the house they will begin to show plenty of 
blooms, and will continue to push forth buds all 
the winter. By the first of December, if the 
plants are doing well, they should have a little 
weak liquid manure. Place one-half bushel of 
fresh cow-manure in a barrel containing fifty 
gallons of water ; stir it thoroughly and let it 
stand two days before using. The plants may 
be allowed to become a little drv before the 
liquid is applied ; it can be used once a week. 
Chicken manure is also excellent, applied in the 
same way, but as it is stronger, about twice the 
amount of water should be used. When neither 



108 THE ROSE. 

of tliese fertilizers can be had, Peruvian guano, 
two pounds to fifty gallons of water, may be sub- 
stituted. A peck of soot tied in a coarse bag 
and allowed to stand in water for several hours, is 
also a useful stimulant. To destroy worms and 
keep the soil sweet a dose of lime-water may oc- 
casionally be given wdth excellent results. One 
peck of fresh lime is placed in a barrel, and 
enough water added to slaken it, the same as a 
mason would do in making mortar. When the 
lime has been slaked, add fifty gallons of water 
and then let it stand until clear. 

The mulching about the plants may be renewed 
during the winter, and toward spring the liquid 
manure can be given more frequently than at the 
first. At the end of the season, say the first 
w^eek in June, the plants should be removed 
from the greenhouse to the plunging ground ; it 
is desirable now to plunge the pots up to the 
rim, as this keeps the plants somewhat moist, and 
much less water is required. The supply of 
water should be gradually lessened, that the 
growth may be checked and the plants obtain a 
few weeks' rest ; in doing this, care must be had 
that the young wood does not shrivel. After a 



KOSES UKDER GLASS. 109 

rest of about five weeks, the plants are to be 
shifted into pots one or two sizes hxrger. By 
the middle of August it will be time to cut away 
all weak wood, reserving the young and strong 
shoots ; these should be tied to neat stakes. As 
the plants show signs of forming new growth, a 
little more water must be given ; they should be 
housed by the middle of September and treated 
the same way as the previous year. 

Hybrid Perpetual Roses must be managed 
differently from the Teas. They are propagated 
and grown on in the same way until the first of 
September, wdien they should be sorted out, and 
all those having the strongest and ripest wood 
placed by themselves. Water is to be gradually 
withheld until growth stops, this will be in two 
or three weeks ; the pots are then to be laid on 
their sides, on a bed of coal-ashes ; if the weather 
is hot and dry cover the pots with rough grass, 
hay, or any light material ; in this condition they 
can, if desired, remain several weeks, jDrovided 
they are not allowed to get hard frozen. 

Presuming that the blooms are required for 
New Year's, the plants should be thoroughly ri- 
pened by the 25th of September, and must be 



110 THE HOSE. 

pruned about that time ; in doing this remove 
entirely all weak shoots and shorten the strong 
ones to within a few buds of the base, cutting 
back to a plump eye. Stand the pots up and 
water them a little at a time till the balls are 
soaked through ; on warm days, syringe the tops 
frequently. Should the nights get frosty place 
the plants in a j^it or cold frame, covering with 
sashes. If no such j)lace be ready the plants must 
be removed to the greenhouse ; in any event 
they will need to go there Avlien the eyes have 
well started. Be sure to give plenty of air on all 
mild days, and syringe two or three times a day, 
according to the heat of the sun. Do not allow 
the temperature to exceed forty degrees at night 
for the iii'st three weeks ; after that it can be 
gradually increased to forty -five degrees. In 
early November, special care must be taken not 
to overwater, at the same time the plants must 
never be allowed to get dry from the time the 
plants start into growth until the blooms are cut. 
The temperature will be kept at forty five de- 
grees for the night, or a very little above that 
point, until the flower buds form ; so soon as the 
buds are well developed the night temperature 



ROSES UJ^^DER GLASS. Ill 

can be gradually increased to fifty -five degrees. 
So soon as it is seen tliat the flower buds are 
forming, liquid manure may be given, as directed 
for Tea Roses. 

If the flowers are wanted any earlier than Jan- 
uary the plants must be ripened correspondingly 
early. It generally takes fourteen wrecks from 
the time of starting to bring Hybrid Perpetual 
Roses into bloom. The location, soil, etc., all 
exert influences in this matter, and the operator 
must adaj^t himself to the circumstances of the 
case. Certainly there is no royal road to success 
in forcing roses ; it is only by hard work, patient 
and careful watching, night and day, that success 
can be obtained. When the crop of flowers is 
cut the plants can be treated about the same as 
the Teas, excej)ting they will not need quite so 
much water for a few weeks until they begin to 
grow freely again ; then encouragement should 
be given them, for the finer the growth now the 
better will be the produce the next season. At 
the beginning of June they can be taken out of 
doors and receive the same treatment as young 
plants. 

Varieties suitable for forcing are numerous 



112 THE ROSE. 

(see Chapter XI. for list of varieties), perhaps the 
best dark ones for very early work are General 
Jacqueminot and Fisher Holmes. Varieties of 
Tea Koses suitable for forcing are almost in- 
numerable, and every grower has his favorites ; 
among the newer sorts some of the Hybrid Teas 
will certainly rank among the lirst. 

For this chapter readers are indebted to Mr. J. 
N. May, of Summit, N. J., a practical cultiva- 
tor, one of the most successful rosarians who 
grow flowers for the New York market. Roses 
under glass are nowhere brought to such perfec- 
tion as in the neighborhood of Summit and 
Madison, New Jersey. In the English rose ex- 
hibitions are yet to be seen the finest specimens 
of hardy roses, but to see the most beautiful 
blooms of Tea Koses that the world produces we 
must go to Jersey ; this chapter, from one of the 
adej)ts, will therefore be of great practical value 
to all who are interested in growing roses 
through the winter months. 



CHAPTER XL 

VARIETIES BEST ADAPTED FOR SPECIAL 
PURPOSES. 

The kinds marJced with an asterisk {^) should 
he first chosen. 

For Pegging -down and Bedding. — For this 
purpose monthly roses are the best, and in select- 
ing suitable varieties, several necessary qualities 
must be considered. When we plant roses in 
isolated positions we often do so having regard 
to some special features which, by themselves, 
would not make the varieties of value for mass- 
ing together. Thus, neither Marechal Niel nor 
Niphetos are desirable kinds, though they are 
the finest roses of their color. The requisites for 
a good bedding rose are, freedom of bloom, 
healthy habit of growth, and pure, steadfast 
color. Symmetry of form, fragrance, and ful- 
ness of flower should also be taken into consider- 
ation. 
. We commend the following : 



114 THE ROSE. 

^Agrippina, ^Appolline, Edward Desfosses, 
■^George Peabodj, ^Ilermosa, Queen of Bour- 
bons, "^Malmaison, Madame Caroline Kuster, 
Pumila, Bougere, Catherine Mermet, Countess 
Riza du Pare, General Tartas, ^Gerard Desbois, 
'^Horner, Jean Pernet, *La Princesse Yera, 
Madame de Vatrj, ^Madame Lambard, Marie 
Ducher, Marie Guillot, "^Marie Van Houtte, 
*Monsieur Furtado, ^^Perle des Jardins, Rubens, 
^Sombreuil, Souvenir d'un Ami, Triomphe de 
Luxembourg, ^La France, Michael Saunders, 
Paquerette, Soupert-et-Notting (Moss), Coquette 
des Alpes, "^Eliza Boelle, Madame Auguste 
Perrin. 

The Hybrid Remontants are not quite so useful 
for bedding roses as those above named, since 
they are not continuously in bloom, but they are 
very beautiful massed together and are capable 
of producing great effects. All of these are 
desirable : 

Abel Grand, ^Alfred Colomb, Anne de Dies- 
bach, Annie Wood, Baron ne Prevost, Baroness 
Eothschild, Boieldieu, ^Countess of Serenye, 
Charles Lefebvre, Charles Margottin, Coimtess 
of Oxford, ^Eugenie Yerdier, ^'Fisher Holmes, 



VARIETIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 115 

*Fran9ois Miclielon, Gabriel Tournier, General 
Jacqueminot, Hippoljte Jamain, * John Hopper, 
La Reine, La Rosiere, Louis Yan Iloutte, Mabel 
Morrison, Madame Charles Wood, Madame Y. 
Yerdier, ^Marguerite de St. Amande, ^"Marie 
Baumann, Paul Neyron, Pierre dotting, *^"Rev. 
J. B. Camm, Yictor Yerdier. 

For Forcing. — We need for this purpose 
varieties that will flower freely and that are of 
high finish ; only the most beautiful should be 
grown. 

Among Monthly Roses the most desirable are : 
^'Agrippina, Douglass, Souvenir de la Malmai- 
son. Cloth of Gold, Marechal Niel, Marie Ber- 
ton, Bon Silene, ^Catherine Mermet (not very 
free, but most beautiful), ^Cornelia Cook (same 
attributes as Mermet), Homer, Innocente Pirola, 
■^Isabella Sprunt, Jean Pernet, ^Madame Bravy, 
^Madame de Yatry, Madame Lambard, ^Marie 
Guillot, ^Marie Yan Houtte, Monsieur Furtado, 
Niphetos, Odorata, '^Perle des Jardins, ^Rubens, 
Safrano, Souvenir d'un Ami, Triomphe de Lux- 
embourg, Beauty of Stapleford, Captain Christy, 
Duke of Connaught, La France, Madame 
A. Bernaix, Mademoiselle B. Yiolet, Nancy 



116 THE ROSE. 

Lee, Yiscoimtess Falmoutli, Soupert-et-Notting 
(Moss), "^Eliza Boelle, Madame Noman. 

Among Hybrid Remontants choose from Abel 
Carriere, *A. Colomb, Anne de Diesbacli, 
^Baroness Rotliscliild, Charles Lefebvre, Coun- 
tess Cecile, "^Countess of Serenye, Countess of 
Oxford, Etienne Levet, ^Eugenie Yerdier, 
*Fisher Holmes, Fran9ois Michelon, General 
Jacqueminot, H. Jamain, Jean Liabaud, *John 
Hopper, Louis Yan Houtte, Mabel Morrison, La 
Kosiere, "^^Marguerite de St. Amande, Marie 
Baumann, Paul Neyron, Pierre Notting, ^Rev. 
J. B. Camm, Y. Yerdier. 

Climbing Roses for Conservatory. — Aimee 
Yibert Scandens, Banksia White, Banksia Yel- 
low, ^'Celine Forrestier, Clair Carnot, Cloth of 
Grold, ^Lamarque, Marechal Niel, ^Solfaterre, 
Belle Lyonnaise, *Gloire de Dijon, Madame 
Berard, *Marie Berton, Reine Marie Henri- 
ette. 

Hardy Roses, that are free autumnal sorts. 
• — Gloire de Hijon, *La France, Yiscountess 
Falmouth, Salet, Soupert-et-oS'otting. All the 
Hybrid Koisettes, Abel Grand, ^Alfred Colomb, 
Antoine Yerdier, Annie Wood, Baronne Prevost, 



VAK1ET1E3 FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 117 

^Baroness Rothschild, "^Boieldieu, Caroline de 
Sansal, ^Countess of Serenye, Etienne Levet, 
Eugenie Yerdier, ^'Fran^ois Michelon, Gabriel 
Tonrnier, General Washington, Hippoljte 
Jamain, Horace Yernet, John Hopper, Jules 
Margottin, La Reine, Louis Yan Houtte, Mabel 
Morrison, Madame Cliarles Wood, ^Marguerite 
de St. Amande, Marie Baumann, Monsieur 'No- 
man, Paul JN'eyron, Princess Charlotte, ^Rev. J. 
B. Camm, Yictor Yerdier. These are not all 
perfectly hardy ; for list of such kinds see below. 
HiGfiLY Scented Roses. — With but few ex- 
ceptions all Moss Roses. Blanchefleur, Cenitifolia, 
Madame Hardy, *Marechal Niel, Aline Sisley, 
*Bon Silene, Catherine Mermet, Countess Riza 
du Pare, ^Devoniensis, Jules Finger, ^Madame 
Bravy, Madame F. Janin, Marie Yan Houtte, 
*Odorata, Rubens, Souvenir d'un Ami, *Duchess 
of Connaught, Hon. George Bancroft, ^La 
France, ^Nancy Lee, '^"Yiscountess Falmouth, 
*Soupert-et-Notting, "^"Alfred Colomb, Baronne 
Prevost, Bessie Johnson, Fisher Holmes, General 
Jacqueminot, Horace Yernet, Louis Yan Houtte, 
Mme. Chirard, "^Madame Yictor Yerdier, Marie 
Baumann, Marie Rady, Maurice Bernardin, 



118 THE ROSE. 

Pierre dotting, Prince de Porcia, Queen of 
Waltliam, "^Rev. J. B. Camm, Xavier Olibo. 

The most haedy Roses. — Abel Grand, Anne 
de Diesbacli, Baron de Bonstetten, *Baronne 
Prevost, Baroness Eotbschild, Boieldieu, Caro- 
line de Sansal, Charles Margottin, Countess of 
Serenye, Edward Morren, Francois Micbelon, 
General Jacqueminot, Jules Margottin, *La 
Reine, Mabel Morrison, Madame Boll, Madame 
Joly, Marcliioness of Exeter, Marguerite de St. 
Amande, Marquise de Castellane, Maurice Ber- 
nardin, Rev. J. B. Camm. All summei^roses, 
with scarce any exception, are hardy, more so 
than any of the Hybrid Remontants. The most 
hardy of the Monthly Roses are Appolline, Ed- 
ward Desfosses, Hermosa, Louise Odier, Aimee 
Yibert, Caroline Marniesse, Gloire de Dijon, 
Reine Marie Henriette, Bougere, Gerard Desbois, 
Homer, Madame de Yatry, Marie Ducher, Som- 
breuil. 

The most beautiful Roses, or those surrED 
FOR Exhibition. — Souvenir de la Malmaison, 
Clotli of Gold, ^Marechal Niel, Madame Berard, 
^Marie Berton, "^Catherine Merniet, "^Cornelia 
Cook, '^Homer, ^Madame Bravy, ^Marie Guillot, 



VARIETIES FOIl SPECIAL PURPOSES. 119 

Marie Yan Houtte, Monsieur Furtado, Niphe- 
tos, Perle des Jardins, ^Rubens, Souvenir d'un 
Ami, *Captain Christy, *La France, Madame 
Alexander Bernaix, Princess Louise Victoria, 
*Eliza Boelle, ^Madame Neman, A. Geoffroy 
St. Ililaire, Abel Carriere, ^A. Colomb, A. K. 
Williams, Baron de Bonstetten, ^Bareness Eotlis- 
cliild, '^Charles Lefebvre, Charles Margottin, 
Countess Cecile, Countess of Serenye, Edward 
Morren, Egeria, *Eugenie Yerdier, *E. Y. Teas, 
Fisher Holmes, Francois Michelon, George 
Prince, "^Horace Yernet, "^Jean Liabaud, John 
Hopper, Jules Margottin, La Rosiere, '^Louis 
Yan Houtte, Mabel Morrison, "^Madame Yictor 
Yerdier, Marguerite de St. Amande, "^Marie 
Baumann, *Marie Rady, Marquise de Castellane, 
Maurice Bernardin, Monsieur Neman, Paul Ney- 
ron, ^Pierre Netting, ^"Rev. J. B. Camm, Yic- 
tor Yerdier, "^Xavier Olibo. 



CHAPTER XII. 

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 

With the immense number of varieties pro- 
duced and sent out each year, it would be well if 
we had some criterion which would enable us to 
select the probably meritorious sorts from the 
mass of kinds which are worthless. We have, 
as yet, no better guide than the reputation of the 
raisers ; by comparing the best sorts of the 
different growers we can estimate with some ex- 
actness the value each grower has been to the 
world ; judging from what we have received in 
the past, we can estimate, in a measure, the 
value of that proffered annually by the different 
raisers of new roses. 

The best sorts of each raiser are given in the 
accompanying list, and are those kinds most 
generally grown the world over. 

^ These raisers are dead, or have retired from 
business, or are not likely to be heard from 
again. 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 



121 



The abbreviations used describing tbe classes 
are : A. — Austrian ; B. — Bourbon ; Beng. — 
Bengal ; CI. T. — Climbing Tea ; D. — Damask ; 
Ily. CI. —Hybrid Climber ; Hy. ^\— Hybrid 
Noisette ; H. E. —Hybrid Remontant ; H. T.— 
Hybrid Tea; M.— Moss ; N.— Noisette ; P.— 
Prairie ; P. M. — Perpetual Moss ; Pol. — Poly- 
antlia ; Pro v. — Provence ; T. — Tea. 



* Baumann. France. 
Marie Baumann H.R. 



1863 



* Jean Behize. Lyons, France. 
His first variety was sent out in 1840. 

Souvenir de la Malmaison B. 1843 

Leveson Gower '' 1846 

Henry Bennett. England. 

First variety issued in 1879. 

Beauty of Stapleford Hy.T. 1879 

Duchess of Connaught '' 1879 

Duchess of Westminster *' 1879 

Duke of Connaught '* 1879 

Hon. George Bancroft " 1879 

Jean Sisley " 1879 

Michael Saunders " 1879 

Nancy Lee " 1879 



122 THE ROSE. 

Pearl Hj.T. 18Y9 

Yiscountess Falmouth '^ 1879 

These were raised by other parties, but were pur- 
chased and sent out by Bennett. 

Duchess of Edinburgh H.E. 1871: 

Egeria " 1878 

Lord Beaconsfield '' 1878 

Mabel Morrison '' 1878 

Madame Welche , T. 1878 

* Daniel Boll. New York. 

Madame Boll (sent out by Boyeau) H.R. 1859 

^ Boyeau. France. 

Solfaterre K 1843 

Souvenir de Mons. Boll H.E. 1866 

Broughton. (Amateur.) England. 

Mabel Morrison H.R. 1878 

B. R. Cant. Colchester, England. 

Prince Arthur H.R. 1875 

Scipioii Cochet. France. 

Souv. de la Reine d' Angleterre. . H.R. 1855 

AntJiony Cooh. (Koch.) Baltimore, Md. 

Cornelia Cook T. 1855 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 123 

Cranston c& Co. King's Acre, England. 

Climbing Jules Margottin Jly.Cl. 1875 

Sir Garnet Wolseley H.E. 1875 

Mrs. Jowitt " 1880 

Frederick Damaizin. Lyons, France. 
Introduced his first variety in 1857. 

Mademoiselle Racliel T. 1860 

Madame Charles '' ISOtt 

Abel Grand H.E. 1865 

Felix Genero " 1866 

Madame Nachury " 1873 

La Rosiere " 1874 

Davis. England. 

Penelope Mayo BL.E. 1878 

* Desprez. France. 

Desprez :N'. 1838 

Baronne Prevost H.E. 1812 

Caroline de Sansal " 1819 

Ducher and Widow. Lyons, France, 
First variety sent out in 1852. 

Gloire de Ducher H.E. 1865 

Nardy Freres '' 1865 

Antoine Ducher '' 1866 

Marie Ducher T. 1868 



124 THE ROSE. 

Ducher Beng. 1869 

Coquette de Ljon T. 1870 

Marie Van Houtte " 1871 

Perle de Ljon '' 1872 

Comte de Sembui ^' 1874 

Jean Ducher '' 1874 

Marechal Eobert '' 1875 

Triomphe de Milan " 1876 

Madame Maurice Kuppenheim. . ^^ 1878 

Innocente Pirola '^ 1878 

Madame Welclie '' 1878 

Jean Lorthois '^ 1879 

Jules Finger '' 1879 

Madame Louis Henry N. 1879 

Mademoiselle Cecile Brunner .. . Pol. 1880 
* lieast. Baltimore, Md. 

Amia Maria P. 1843 

Baltimore Belle '' 1843 

Queen of Prairies ''' 1843 

* Fontaine jpere. Cliatillon, France. 

Queen Victoria ILK. 1850 

Mme. Chas. Crapelet " 1859 

Marie Eadj '' 1865 

Charles Fontaine. Cliatillon, France, 

Louis Dore H.R. 1878 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 125 

Gargon. Rouen, France. 

Mme. Hippolyte Jamain H.R. 1871 

Triomplie de France '' 1875 

Boieldieii '' 1877 

Gautreau. France. 

Mme. de St. Fulgent H.R. 1863 

Camille Bernardin " 1865 

J. M. Gonod. Lyons, France. 
Introduced liis first variety in 1 863. 

Achille Gonod H.R. 1864 

Mme. Louis Donadine ** 1877 

Mme. Anne de Besobrassojff ^^ 1877 

Mme. Eugene Chambeyran '* 1878 

Mile. Julie Dymonier ^' 1879 

Granger. 

General Washington H.R. 1861 

Maurice Bernardin '' 1861 

Duke of Wellington '' 1864 

Exposition de Brie '^ 1865 

Edward Morren " 1868 

* Gidllot ph'e. Lyons, France. 
Introduced liis first variety in 1842. 

Duchesse de Thuringe B. 1847 

Canary T. 1852 



126 THE ROSE. 

Lord Raglan H.K 1854 

Senateiir Yaisse '' 1859 

Mine. Bellenden Ker H.K 1866 

Monsieur Noman H.R. 1867 

Mme. Noman H.K 1867 

Countess of Oxford H.R. 1869 

Eliza Boelle. H.K 1869 

J. B. Gioillotfils. Lyons, France. 
Introduced his first variety in 1858. 

Mme. Falcot T. 1858 

Horace Yernet H.R. 1866 

Mme. Margottin T. 1866 

La France H.T. 1867 

Eugenie Yerdier H.R. 1869 

Catherine Mermet T. 1869 

Comtesse de Nadaillac " 1871 

Abbe Bramerel H.R. 1871 

Claire Camot K 1873 

Aline Sisley T. 1874 

Marie Guillot " 1874 

Paquerette Pol. 1875 

Mme. Alex Bernaix H.T. 1877 

Mme. Angele Jacquier T. 1879 

Pierre Guillot H.T. 1879 



KAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 127 

* Gtdnnoiseaic. France. 

Emperenr de Maroc U.K. 1858 

^ Hardy. Paris, France. 

Mme. Hardy Dam. 1832 

Bon Silene T. 1839 

Triomphe de Luxembourg. ...... '' 

^* Harrison. (Amateur.) New York. 

Harrison's Yellow A. 1830 

* Jacotot. (Amateur.) France. 

Gloire de Dijon Cl.T. 1853 

Hippolyie Jamain. Paris, France. 

Mme. Boutin .H.K. 1861 

Dupuy Jamain ^' 1868 

Constantin Tretiakoff " 1877 

Paul Jamain " 1878 

* Knight. England. 

Princess Louise Victoria H.Cl. 1872 

Frangois Lacharme. Lyons, France. 
Introduced liis first variety in 1844. 

Victor Verdier H.E. 1852 

Salet P.M. 1854 

P^onia H.K. 1855 

Anne de Diesbach '' 1858 

Mme. A. de Kougemont H.K 1862 



128 THE ROSE. 

Xavier Olibo H.R. 1864 

Alfred Colomb '' 1865 

Baronne de Majnard H.N. 1865 

Coquette des Alpes '' 1867 

Boule de Neige '' 1867 

Louis Van Houtte H.E. 1869 

Charles Lefebvre '^ 1871 

Coquette des Blanelies H.K 1871 

Mine. Lacharme Hy. China. 1872 

Captain Christy H.T. 1873 

Hippolyte Jarnain H.B. 1871 

Countess of Serenye '^ 1874 

Jean Soupert '' 1875 

Mme. Lambard T. 1877 

Catherine Soupert. H.E. 1879 

Julius Finger. H.T. 1879 

* Laffay. Bellevue, France. 

Mme. Laffay. H.R. 1839 

William Jesse <^ 1840 

Duchess of Sutherland " 1840 

La Reine .... ......... '' 1844 

Princess Adelaide. ............ M. 1845 

Coupe d'Hebe ...Hy. China. 

Auguste Mie .... H.R. 1851 

Laneii M. 1854 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 129 

Capt. John Ingram M. 1856 

Monsieur Furtado T. 1863 

^ Lanseze'U7\ France. 

Triomphe de Rennes K. 1857 

Thomas Laxton. Bedford, England. 

Annie Laxton H.E. 1869 

Princess Louise " 1869 

Empress of India '^ 1876 

Emilj Laxton. '' 1877 

Marchioness of Exeter '' 1877 

Mrs. Laxton '' 1878 

Richard Laxton " 1878 

Charles Darwin '' 1879 

Doctor Hogg . " 1880 

Mrs. Harry Turner. '^ 1880 

* Lecomte. France. 

Marechal Yaillant H.R. 1861 

Ledechaux. France. 

Henri Ledechaux H.R. 1868 

Madame Ferdinand Janin " 1875 

Leon Renault '' 1878 

Antoine Levet. Lyons, France. 

Introduced his first variety in 1866. 

Mademoiselle Therese Levet H. R. 1866 



130 THE ROSE. 

Belle Lyonnaise Cl.T. 1869 

Madame Trifle " 1869 

Paul Neyron H.R. 1869 

Madame Berard Cl.T. 1870 

Madame Jules Margottin T. 1871 

Frangois Miclielon H.R. 1871 

Madame Fran9ois Janin T. 1872 

Perle des Jardins " 1874 

Antoine Moutin H.R. 1874 

Marie Berton Cl.T. 1875 

Madame Etiemie Levet Hj.T. 1878 

Mademoiselle Brigitte Violet. . . " 1878 

Reine Marie Henriette Cl.T. 1878 

Madame Duclier H.R. 1879 

Franyois Levet '' 1880 

Leveque d; Son. Ivry, near Paris, France. 

Due de Rohan H.R. 1861 

Emilie Hausbm-gli " 1868 

Devienne Lamy " 1868 

Richard Wallace '' 1871 

Madame Louis Leveque ^' 1872 

Avocat Duvivier ^' 1875 

Princess Charlotte , " 1877 

Gaston Leveque '' 1878 

Madame Chedane Guinnoiseau . . ^' 1880 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 131 

Liahaud. Lyons, France. 

Introduced his first variety in 1852. 

Madame Clenience Joigneaux . . . .H.R. 1861 

Jean Clierpin '' 1865 

Marquise de Mortemart '' 1868 

Baron de Bonstetten '^ 18T1 

Jean Liabaud '^ 1875 

Mademoiselle Emma Hall " 1876 

Madame de Laboulaye ^' 1877 

Madame Gabriel Luizet '' 1878 

Claude Bernard " 1878 

* Marest. France. 

Comtesse Cecile de Chabrillant. . . H.E. 1859 

Margottin jpere. Paris, France. 

Louise Odier B. 1851 

Alexandrine Baclimetieff H.K. 1852 

Jules Margottin " 1853 

Triomphe de PExposition " 1855 

Anne Alexieff " 1858 

Charles Margottin " 1863 

Charles Turner '' 1869 

Madame de Kidder " 1871 

Madame Jeanine Joubert B. 1877 

Gloire de Bourg La Heine H.K. 1879 



132 THE ROSE. 

Margottin Jils. Paris, France. 

Comte de Mortremart H.E. 1880 

Madame Isaac Pereire B. 1880 

Moreau- Robert. Angers, France. 

Sombreuil T. 1851 

Madame Edward Ory P.M. 1854 

Homer T. 1859 

Kubens '' 1859 

Blanche Moreau M. 1880 

Mottlieau. France. 
Comtesse de Clioiseiiil ......... .H.B. 1878 

Ndbonnand. Golfe Juan, France. 
Duchess of Edinburgh (sent out by 

Veitch) Hy.Beng. 1874 

Cannes La Coquette Hy.T. 1877 

La Princesse Vera T. 1878 

Duchesse de Yallombrosa " 1879 

* Nerard. France. 

Giant of Battles .H.E. 1846 

Oger. France. 

Triomphe de Beaute H.E. 1853 

Madame Pierre Oger B. 1878 

Has sent out upward of 25 varieties, none 
being of first quality. 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 133 

Paul c& Son (George Paul). Clieshnnt, Eng. 

Lord Clyde H.R. 1863 

Duke of Edinburgh '' 1868 

Climbing Victor Yerdier '' 18Y1 

Clieslmnt Hybrid . .H.T. 1872 

S. Eeynolds Hole H.E. 1872 

The Shall '' 1874 

Duke of Connaught '^ 1875 

Climbing Bessie Johnson ^^ 1878 

John Bright '' 1878 

Chmbing Edward Morren ^' 1879 

Marquis of Salisbury. ... '' 1879 

Dukeof Teck " 1880 

Glory of Cheshunt. . '' 1880 

Wm. Paul (& Son. Waltham Cross, Eng. 

Beauty of Waltham H.E. 1862 

Lord Macaulay " 1863 

Princess Beatrice " 1872 

Peach Blossom " 1874 

Queen of Waltham " 1875 

Star of Waltham '' 1875 

Magna Charta " 1876 

Queen Eleanor " 1876 

EosyMorn '' 1878 

E. Dudley Baxter " 1879 



134 THE ROSE. 

Crown Prince H.E. 1880 

Masterpiece " 1880 

* George Pentland. Baltimore, Md. 

Doctor Kane IST. 1856 

George Peabody B. 1857 

J. Pernet. Lyons, France. 

Mademoiselle Bonnaire H.N, 1859 

Jean Pernet T. 1867 

Baroness Rothschild H.R. 1867 

Marquise de Castellane • • • > '^ 1869 

Mme. Caroline Kuster N. 1873 

Soupert-et-Notting P.M. 1874 

Souvenir de Mme. Pernet T. 1875 

Charles Rovolli " 1875 

Wilhelm Koelle H.R. 1878 

Ferdinand Chaff olte '' 1879 

* Joshua Pierce. Washington, D. C. 

Mrs. Hovey P. 1850 

Triumphant ^' 1850 

^Portemer. 
Introduced his first variety about 1837. 

William Griffith H.R. 1850 

Lady Stuart Hy.Ch. 1852 

Pierre dotting H.R. 1863 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 135 

R. B. Postans. England. 

May Quennel H.E. 1878 

Countess of Roseberry '' 1879 

Duchess of Bedford " 1879 

^ Pradel. France. 

Marechal Kiel JST. 1864 

^ liainbaiix. France. 

Marie Finger H.E. 1873 

Anne Marie de Montravel Pol. 1879 

* Roussel. Fi'ance. 

General Jacqueminot H.R. 1853 

* Sansal. France. 
Marguerite de St. Amande H.E. 1864 

Joseph Schwartz. Lyons, France. 

Auguste Eigotard H.E. 1871 

Andre Dunand '^ 1871 

Ducliesse de Yallombrosa '^ 1875 

Comtesse Eiza du Pare T. 1876 

Marquise Adole de Murinais H.E. 1876 

A. K. Williams '' 1877 

Egeria '' 1878 

Jules Chretien " 1878 

Lord Beaconsfield '' 1878 



136 THE ROSE. 

Madame Angiiste Perrin H.N. 1878 

Madame- Oswal d de Kercliove. . . ^^ 1879 

Eeine Maria Pia Cl.T. 1880 

Rev. James Bjprunt^ D.D, Kenansville, N. C. 

Isabella Sprunt T. 1865 

James Sprimt Beng. 1856 

'^ Touvais. France. 

Due de Cazes H.K. 1860 

Mme. Julie Daran '' 1862 

Centifolia Kosea , " 1863 

* Trouillard. Augers, France. 

Eugene Appert H.K. 1859 

Mrs. Standish '' 1860 

Celine Forrestier N. 1860 

Charles Turner. Slough, England. 

John S. Mill H.K. 1874 

Miss Hassard " 1874 

Kev. J. B. M. Camm " 1874 

Koyal Standard " 1874 

Oxonian " 1875 

Mrs. Baker " 1875 

Dean of Windsor '' 1879 

Dr. Sewell '' 1879 

Harrison Weir " 1879 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 137 

* Vanasche. France. 

Leopold Premier H.R. 1863 

Chas. Yerdier. Paris. 

Diichesse de Cajlus H.R. 1864 

Paul Yerdier Hy.Cli. 1866 

Eugene Yerdie7\ Paris. 

Madame Chas. Wood H.R. 1861 

Prince Camille de Hohan '^ 1861 

Madame Yictor Yerdier. '' 1863 

George Prince " 1864 

Doctor Andrj . '' 1864 

Fislier Holmes. " 1865 

Prince de Portia '' 1865 

Annie Wood '' 1866 

Thomas Mills " 1873 

E. Y. Teas '' 1874 

Abel Carriere " 1875 

Charles Baltet " 1877 

Madame Alphonse La valle ^' 1878 

Madame Eugene Yerdier '' 1878 

Souvenir de Yictor Yerdier " 1878 

Comtesse de Ludre '' 1879 

^ Victor Yerdier. Paris. 

Introduced his first variety in 1828. 

Douglass Beng. 1848 



138 THE ROSE. 

AppoUine Bourb. 1848 

Jacques Vigneron. Orleans, France. 

Elizabeth Yigneron H.E. 1865 

Glory of Waltliam (sent out by W. 

Paul) Hy.Cl. 1865 

^ Yihert. Paris. 

Aim6e Yibert K. 1828 

Countess of Murinais M. 1843 

Blanchefleur Prov. 1846 

Glory of Mosses M. 1852 

Ward. Ipswich, England. 

John Hopper H.E. 1862 

The standing of the various rosarians, now in 
business, who have sent out two or more sorts 
of good repute, is here placed in order of merit. 

1. Lacharme. Victor Yerdier, Alfred Colomb, 

Coquette des Alpes, Charles Lefebvre, are 
varieties of marked individuality, produced 
by him. He has sent out fewer poor or in- 
different sorts than any other large grower. 
He raises few Teas. 

2. Guillot-fils. In La France and Catherine 

Mermet, he has given us new types of won- 
drous beautv. Horace Yernet, Eugenie 



RAISERS OF THE REST ROSES. 139 

Verdier, and Marie Gnillot, are sorts scarcely 
less fine. He furnishes about equal numbers 
of Tea and Hybrid Remontants. 

3. E. Verdier. Has sent out no Teas except 

Mareclial ^N^iel, but many more hard}^ kinds 
than any other grower. Most of those 
which have any value are crimson sorts. 
While he has issued far too many indiffer- 
ent kinds, and so has injured his record, we 
cannot but be grateful to him for the lovely 
dark roses he has given us, like Prince 
Camille, Mme. Victor Verdier, and Fisher 
Holmes. 

4. A. Levet. F. Michel on and Perle des Jardins 

are his greatest gains. He is profuse in his 
production of climbing Teas of the Dijon 
type. 

5. Duclier. Strong in Teas. 

6. Paul & Son (George Paul). Has given us 

some dark kinds of wondrous beauty, but 
they do not thrive in our extreme climate. 
Perhaps some of his newer ones will be 
better adapted to our requirements. We 
miss very much in not being able to grow 
well S. Reynolds Hole, etc. 



140 THP] KOSE. 

I. Schwartz. A. K. Williams and Egeria are 

among the most beautiful roses, but lack a 
good constitution. Mesdames Auguste Per- 
rin and Oswald de Kerchove are new types, 
valuable additions to the Hybrid Noisette 
family. 

8. Wm. Paul & Son. Although this firm has 

sent out no roses of sensational beauty, they 
have given some that have been useful in 
their day. 

9. Laxton. Those of his raising and Charles 

Turner are, so far, the most useful English 
roses for our climate. 

10. Pernet. Baroness Rothschild and Soupert- 
et-Notting are his distinctive sorts. 

II. Turner. A raiser with an active conscience. 

Would there were more ! 

12. Margottin. His roses, too, have at least been 
distinct. 

13. Liabaud. In the contest for supremacy has 
brought out some dar^h horses that have some 
years won the race. 

14. Bennett. 

15. Moreau-Eobert. 

16. Damaizin. 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 141 

17. Leveqiie. 

18. Granger. 

19. Cranston & Co. 

20. Postans. 

21. Gonod. 

22. Sprunt. 

23. Nabonnand. This gentleman has sent out 
some seventy varieties, mostly Teas, but for 
some reason (is it lack of merit ?) they have 
not taken well with the public. 

24. Gar9on. 

25. Jamain. 

26. Kambaux. 

27. Gautreau. 

28. Ledechaux. 

29. Charles Verdier. 

30. Vigneron. 

31. Margottin-fils. 

32. Oger. Last and least, is one of the oldest 
raisers who has sent out a large number of 
sorts, but the rose public, perhaps being 
prejudiced, have never seen merit in any- 
thing he has produced. 

Lest this list of raisers may seem to have been 
too arbitrarily arranged, we subjoin a list gauged 



142 



THE ROSE. 



according to the number and standing of the 
varieties which represent them (the raisers), as 
given in tlie election of exhibition roses, held in 
England last summer. The result of this elec- 
tion was published in the Journal of Ilorticul- 
titre^ October 6th, 1881, the best twelve varieties 
standing in the following order of merit : Marie 
Baumann, Alfred Colomb, Baroness Eothschild, 
Charles Lefebvre, Marquise de Castellane, Duke 
of Edinburgh, Louis Van Hontte, Marechal 
Niel, Marie Radj, La France, A. K. Williams, 
Etienne Levet. The names of eighty-eight vari- 
eties are given, and the total number of votes 
given the several varieties of each raiser deter- 
mine the relative standing of the raisers. The 
names of those rosarians now living, as gauged 
by this election, rank in the following order : 
1. E. Verdier 12 sorts 423 votes. 



2. Lacharme 11 

3. Guillot-fils ..... 5 

4. Levet 4 

5. Paul & Son 4 

6. Fernet 2 

Y. Schwartz 3 

8. W. Paul &Son. 4 



409 
204 
146 
140 
132 
112 
101 



a 



a 



a 



a 



a 



a 



a 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 143 



9. Granger 3 sorts 

10. Baumann 1 '"' 

11. Jamain 2 " 

12. Liabaud 2 

13. Leveque 3 

14. Turner 3 

15. Laxton 3 

IG. Ducher 1 

IT. Gautreau 1 

18. Ward 1 



19. 


Cranston 


.. 1 


20. 


Rambaux 


.. 1 


21. 


Postans 


.. 1 


22. 


Damaizin 


.. 1 


23. 


Gargon 


.. 1 


24. 


Davis 


.. 1 


25. 


C. Fontaine . . 


.. 1 



u 
ii 
a 
a 
a 
a 
a 
a 
a 
a 
a 
a 
a 



68 votes. 


67 


^' 


64 




63 




57 




43 




40 




36 




34 




34 




28 




26 




22 




20 




15 




11 




10 





It is to be noted that Tea Hoses, in the elec- 
tion, play an unimportant part, as in England 
they are mostly grown under glass, and for exhi- 
bition purposes are only to be had in small quan- 
tities. Some voters did not consider the Teas at 
all, confining their votes to hardy varieties, doing 
this on account of the radical differences which 
exist between the two classes. This has an im- 



144 THE ROSE. 

portant bearing in estimating the comparative 
standing of the various growers ; thus, Ducher's 
forte has been the production of fine Tea Roses, 
and this List list does not give him his just posi- 
tion. We must consider it therefore from the 
standpoint of hardy exhibition varieties ; in 
doing this, we find an interesting impartial com- 
parison. Seven raisers named in our list find no 
representation in the election list, these are 
Sprunt, Nabonnand, Ledechaux, Charles Ver- 
dier, Yigneron, Margottin fils, and Oger. We 
believe our own list to more correctly represent 
the comparative merit of the various yjroducers 
of new roses ; but the latter, as has been said, is 
certainly impartial, and is the more gladly in- 
serted, to show that we have no bias that influ- 
enced us in our arrangement. 



CHAPTEK XIII. 

THE SEED PARENTS OF THE LEADING ROSES. 

My information, whenever possible, has been 
obtained from the raisers themselves ; there may 
be some few inaccuracies, but great pains have 
been taken to make the list as comprehensive and 
correct as possible. It will be observed that 
General Jacqueminot, Jules Margottin, and Vic- 
tor Yerdier, have been the most used as parent 
sorts. While I hope this list will be of general 
interest, it will, I am sure, be of value to those 
engaged in raising new varieties. Some few of 
the varieties are crosses from two known sorts, 
but only the female parent is given ; this is the 
case with all the Hybrid Teas of Bennett ; the 
full parentage of these kinds may be found in 
the catalogue of varieties. It must not be in- 
ferred that all the varieties that bear seed freely 
are included in this list ; on the contrary, some 
of the most productive have no representation — 
fiuch are Baron Chaurand, Jean Cherpin, Dr. de 



140 THE HOSE. 

Clialus, Thomas Mills ; while Victor Verdier 
and Giant of Battles, which seem to seed freely 
in Lyons, France, rarely bring seed to perfection 
in Rochester. 

Alba Rosea (Tea). — Beauty of Stapleford (Hy. 
Tea), Nancy Lee (Hy. Tea). 

Anne de Dieshach. — Princess Marie Dolgo- 
rouky. 

Annie Wood. — Edward Dnfour. 

Antoine Duclier. — Edward Pynsert, Ernest 
Prince, John Sanl. 

Baroness Bothschild. — Marie Louise Fernet. 

Baron de Bonstetten. — Jean Liabaud. 

Beauty of Waltham. — John Stuart Mill, Mas- 
terpiece. 

Catheriiie Mermet (Tea). — Jules Finger. 

Charles Lefehvre. — General Von Moltke, Glory 
of Cheshunt, Harrison Weir, Henry Ben- 
nett, Jean Soupert, Mme. Anna de Beso- 
brasoff , Mrs. Harry Turner, President Leon 
de St. Jean, Pev. W. H. Stomers, Souvenir 
du Dr. Jamain, W. Wilson Saunders. 
Cloth of Gold (Noisette).— Isabella Gray, Mme. 
Miolan Carvalho. 



SEED PARENTS OF LEADING ROSES. 147 

Comtesse de La Barthe (Tea). — Countess Riza 
dii Pare, Mme. Joseph Schwartz. 

Countess of Oxford. — Dumnacus, Mme. Bruel. 

Vevoniensis (Tea). — Cornelia Koch, Madame 
Welche. 

Duchess of Sutherland. — Elizabeth Vigneron, 
Princess M. of Cambridge, Thyra Hamme- 
rich. 

.Duchess of Edinburgh (Bengal or Tea). — Al- 
phonse Karr. 

Diike of Ediiiburgh. — Doctor Hooker, Duke of 
Teck, Robert Marnock, S. Reynolds Hole, 
Sultan of Zanzibar, The Shah. 

General Jacqueminot. — Alfred Colomb, Alfred 
de Rougemont, Andre Leroy, Baron de 
Rothschild, Camille Bernardin, Charles Le- 
febvre, Duke of Edinburgh, Dupuy Jamain, 
Gloire de Santhenay, Horace Yernet, Le 
Rhone, Leopold Premier, Louis Chaix, Mau- 
rice Bernardin, Oriflamme de St. Louis, 
Prince Arthur, Richard Smith, Senateur 
Vaisse, Triomphe des Beaux Arts, Xavaer 
Olibo. 

Giant of Battles. — Abbe Bramerel, Arthur de 
Sansal, Cardinal Patrizzi, Empereur de Ma- 



14:8 THE ROSE. 

roc, Eugene Appert, Eveque de Nimes, 
Lord Raglan, Louis Chaix, Mrs. Standish, 
Yainqueur de Solferino. 

Gloire de Dijon (Tea). — Antonia Decarli, Beau- 
te de I'Europe, Belle Lyonnaise, Gloire de 
Bordeaux, Jean Lortliois, Mme. Berard, 
Mme. Levet, Mme. Trifle, Marie Berton, 
Matliilde Lenserts, Miss Mav Paul, Reine 
Maria Pia, Stephanie et Rodolplie. 

John Hopper. — Ambrogio Maggi. 

Jules Margottin. — Abel Grand, Achille Gonod, 
Bertlie Baron, Boieldieu, Charles Margottin, 
Claude Bernard, Duchess of Yallombrosa, 
Edward Morren, Egeria, Emily Laxton, 
John Hopper, Madame Gabriel Luizet, Ma- 
dame Lacharme, Marchioness of Exeter, Mar- 
guerite de St. Amande, Marquise de Morte- 
mart, Monsieur J^oman, Pseonia, Peach 
Blossom, Yiolette Bouyer. 

La Heine. — Anne de Diesbach, Auguste Mie, 
Francois Michelon, Gloire de Vitry, Louise 
Peyronny, Marguerite Dombrain, Mere de 
St. Louis, Reine des Blanches, Reine du 
Midi, Souvenir de la Reine d'Angleterre, 
Yille de St. Denis. 



SEED PARENTS OF LEADING ROSES. 149 

Lamarqxie (Noisette). — Cloth of Gold, La Joii- 
quille (Tea), Le Pactole, Solfaterre, Tri- 
omphe de Rennes. 

Lion des Conibats. — A. M. Ampere. 

Louise Odier (Bourbon). — Catherine Guillot, 
Cointesse de Barbantanne, Modele de Per- 
fection. 

Madame Bouton. — Madame Marthe d'Halloy. 

Madame Charles Wood. — Guillaume Gillemont. 

Madame de Tartas (Tea). — Baron Alexander de 
Vrints, Marie Van Hontte. 

Madame de St. Joseph (Tea). — Hon. George 
Bancroft (Hy. Tea). 

Madame Falcot (Tea). — Madame Azelie Imbert, 
Madame Bernard, Mile. Blanche Dur- 
schmidt. 

Madame Julie Daran. — Charles Darwin. 

Madame Laffay. — Marquise A. de Murinais. 

Madame Recamier. — Eliza Boelle, Madame No- 
man. 

Madame Victor Vey^Uer. — Comte de Flandres, 
Mrs. Laxton, Souvenir de Spa. 

Madame Vidot. — Princess Louise. 

Marguerite de St. Amande. — Miss Hassard. 

Marie Eady.~—M.Y&. Jowitt. 



150 THE ROSE. 

Ophirw (Noisette). — Duarte d'Oliviera, Ma Ca- 
pucine, Souvenir de Paul Neyron. 

Paul Neyron. — George Moreau, Ulricli Brun- 
ner. 

President (Tea). — Duchess of Connauglit, Duch- 
ess of Westminster, Duke of Connaught, 
Jean Sisley, Michael Saunders, Pearl, Vis- 
countess Falmouth. These are all Hybrids, 
raised by Bennett. 

Safrano (Tea). — Madame Cliarles, Madame Fal- 
cot, Safrano a fleur rouge. 

Senateur Va^lsse. — Anicet Bourgeois, Madame 
Adelaide Cote. 

jSolfaterre (Noisette). — America, Caroline 
Schmitt. 

Souveni?' de la Peine d"* Angleterre. — Mdlle. 
Emma Hall, Monsieur Jules Monges. 

Souvenir de la Peine des Beiges. — Madame 
Crassy. 

Triomphe des Beaux Arts. — Empress of India. 

Triomphe de r deposition.— Genersil Washing- 
ton, Marechal Forey, President Mas, Madame 
Jules Grevy. 
Victor Verdier. — Andre Dnnand, Captain Chris- 
ty, Charles Yerdier, Countess of Oxford, 



SEED PAllENTS OF LEADING ROSES. 151 

Etienne Levet, Helen Paul, Hippolyte Ja- 
main, Julius Finger, Madame Devert, Ma- 
dame George Schwartz, Madame Marie 
Bianclii, Mademoiselle Eu2:enie Yerdier 
Mademoiselle Marie Cointet, Marie Finger, 
Maxime de la Kocheterie, Mrs. Baker, Ox- 
onian, Paul Neyron, President Thiers, Sou- 
. venir de President Porcher. 
Yellow Tea. — Devoniensis. 



CHAPTEE XIV. 

PERMANENT COLORS — TOO - MUCH - ALIKE 
ROSES. HOW TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN 
SIMILAR VARIETIES. 

Among the many desirable qualities which we 
should look for in our best roses, permanency of 
color is not the least important. I have refer- 
ence more particularly to the Remontant or 
Hybrid Perpetual varieties ; but my remarks 
will also apply to the other classes, though per- 
haps in less degree. It has no doubt often been 
noticed how differently the various varieties of 
roses will impress us in different seasons ; that is, 
a kind which excites our highest admiration one 
year may more or less disappoint us the next. 
This arises from various causes, but chief among 
them is the variation in color produced by differ- 
ent conditions of sunlight, heat, moisture, etc. 
To know what are the most permanent colors 
among the innumerable varieties found in the 
catalogues becomes, therefore, a matter of con- 



PERMANENT COLORS, ETC. 153 

siderable importance, enabling us to place in fa- 
vored situations those sorts easily affected by these 
several conditions, and, if necessary, giving posi- 
tions exposed to the direct rays of the sun to those 
varieties which have proved best able to endure 
them. The most severe ordeal which tries the 
color of a rose is an excess of moisture followed 
by a hot sun. Exposed to these conditions 
many of our choicest sorts, of which Charles 
Lefebvre and Countess of Oxford are notable 
examples, lose their pristine brilliancy or purity, 
and become lamentably faded and sullied. 
Others, like Louis Yan Houtte and Marie Bau- 
mann, are under such circumstances much less 
injured, and though losing some of their origi- 
nal freshness still remain exceedingly attractive. 
Dark roses are, as a rule, the first to fade ; their 
glory passes away very much sooner than is the 
case with the rose-colored varieties and those of 
light shades. Among the crimson sorts we have 
observed none which retains its color so well as 
Louis Yan Houtte ; this quality, combined with 
fine form, fragrance, and freedom of bloom, 
place it at the head of all crimson-maroon roses. 
Yarieties of somewhat lighter shade that rank 



154 THE ROSE. 

higli for permanency of color are, General Jac- 
queminot, Charles Margottin, Marie Baumann, 
Alfred Colomb. Among the shades of rose that 
are most durable, we find Marquise de Castellane, 
Rev. J. B. Camm, Madame Louis Leveque, 
Marguerite de St. Amande, Jules Margottin. 

From the pink sorts we choose Eugenie Yer- 
dier, Egeria, Monsieur I^oman, Baroness E-oth- 
schild. Captain Christy, Countess of Serenye. 

Among roses that fade quickly when exposed 
to the adverse influences spoken of, are found 
many of our most beaiitiful varieties ; by taking 
pains to place these in the most favored locations 
we can aid in retaining the natural shades, and 
thus greatly enhance the value of each kind. All 
of the Victor Yerdier type, except the light ones 
like Eugenie Yerdier ; all of the Giant of Battles 
type, all of the Duke of Edinburgh type, all of 
the Charles Lefebvre family, Dr. Andry, Gloire 
de Ducher, Madame de Ridder, Andre Dunand, 
Camille Bernardin, Jean Cherpin, Madame Na- 
chury, Emilie Ilausburgh, are examples of beauti- 
ful but non-permanent colors. 

Synonomous, or too-much-alike Roses. — A 
drawback to the purchase of new varieties is the 



PERMANENT COLORS, ETC. 155 

knowledge, gained from past experience, tliat a 
large number of those sent out as new sorts are 
not siifficientlj distinct from known varieties to 
j^rove of any value. This is notably the case 
with the French roses. In England, more care 
has been exercised in disseminating new kinds 
than in France, and in ordering English roses we 
can do so with some confidence that they will at 
least be distinct. Before enlarging our already 
cumbersome list of varieties, we think it of great 
importance to thoroughly sift the sorts now com- 
monly grown, and where two or more varieties 
bear a strong resemblance to each other i7i the 
appearance of the flower's, to reject the inferior 
kinds. As roses which are synonomous, or too 
nmch alike, as regards the form and color of the 
flowers, we note the following kinds ; 

Hybrid Remontant. 

Alfred Colomb and Wilhelm Koelle. 
Anne de Diesbach and Gloire de Paris. 
Auguste Mie, Mme. Kival, and Blanche de 

Beaulieu. 
Baron de Bonstetten and Baron Chaurand. 
Boieldieu and Mme. Boll. 



156 THE ROSE. 

Charles Lefebvre and Marguerite Brassac. 

Countess Cecile and William Griffith. 

Coquette des Blanches, Baronne de Maynard, 
Louise d'Arzens, Mine. A. de Eougemont, 
and Perfection des Blanches. 

Egeria, Princess Mary of Cambridge, and 
Peach Blossom. 

* Eugenie Yerdier, Marie Finger, and Mme. 
Louis Donadine. 

*E. Y. Teas, Senateur Yaisse, and Frangois 
Fontaine. 

General Jacqueminot, La Brillante, Triomphe 
d' Amiens, Triomphe de Beaute, and Rich- 
ard Smith. 

General Washington and President Lincoln. 

'^Hippolyte Jamain, Etienne Levet, and Presi- 
dent Thiers. 

La Reine and Reine du Midi. 

La Rosiere, Prince Camille, Edouard Dufour, 
and Souvenir d'Auguste Riviere. 

Louise Peyronny and Laelia. 

Lyonnaise, Mme. George Schwartz, and Mile. 
F. de la Forest. 

Madame Boutin and Christine Nilsson. 

Madame Joly and Micjiael Bonnet. 



PERMANENT COLORS, ETC. 157 

Mareclial Yaillant, Avocat Diivivier, and 
Pourpre d' Orleans. 

■^ Maurice Bernardin, Exposition de Brie, Fer- 
dinand de Lesseps, and Sir Garnet Wolseley, 
Madame Koman and Mile. Bonnaire. 

Mrs. Standisli, Cardinal Patrizzi, and Vain- 
queur de Solferino. 

Miss Hassard, Elizabeth Yigneron, Duchess of 
Edhiburgh, and Duchesse de Yallombrosa. 

Portland Blanche and Blanche Yibert. 

Souvenir de la Heine des Beiges, and Prince 
Albert. 

Tea Roses. 

Adam and President. 

Bon Silene and Goubault. 

Bougere and Clothilde. 

Caroline and Yictoria Modeste. 

Elise Sauvage and L' Enfant Trouve. 

Gloire de Dijon, Antonia Decarli, and Mme. 

Levet. 
Le Pactole, Louise de Savoie, and Marechal 

Beauregard. 
■^ Madame Bravy, Alba Rosea, and Mme. 

Sertat. 



158 THE KOSE. 

Madame Francois Janin and Mile. Lazarine 

Poizeau. 
Madame Joseph Halplien, Bella, Isabella, 

Pauline Plantier, and Arch- Duchess Therese 

Isabelle. 
Madame Maurin and Madame Denis. 
Marie Guillot and Trioraphe de Milan. 
Xarcisse and Enfant de Lyon. 
^' Niphetos and Mathilde. 
Perle des Jardins and Perle de Lyon. 
Safrano and Madame Charles. 
Souvenir d'un Ami and Queen Victoria. 

Hybrid Climljing. 

Fortune's Yellow and Beauty of Glazenwood. 

Bourbon. 

Appolline and Pierre de St. Cyr. 

Catherine Guillot and Michael Bonnet. 

George Peabody, Comice de Tarn-et- Garonne, 
Dr. Berthet, Dr. Lepretre, Ferdinand 
DejDpe, General Blanchard, Geo. Cuvier, 
Jupiter, Omar Pacha, Proserpine, and 
Souvenir de 1' Exposition. 

Hermosa, Armosa, Mme. IS^eumann, and 
Setina. 



PERMANENT COLORS, ETC. 159 

Louise Odier and Madame de Stella. 
* Marechal Yi liars and Belle Isadore. 
Paul Joseph and Charles Martel, 
Phoenix and Yebles. 

Bengal. 

Agrippina, Cramoisi-Superieur, and Eblonis- 

sante. 
Antheros, Buret, Louis Philippe, President 

d'Olbecque, Prince Eugene, Purple Crown, 

and Triumphant. 

Noisette. 

Champney's Pink Cluster, Belle Marseillaise, 

and Miss Glegg. 
Cloth of Gold and Chromatella. 
Eugene Pirolle and Admiral Pigney. 
Feljenberg and Beauty of Greenmount. 
Isabella Gray and Jane Hardy. 
Lamarque and Jeanne d'Arc. 
Solfaterre and Augusta. 

Moss. 

William Lobb and Duchesse d'Ystrie. 
Gracilis, Prolific, and Charles Morel. 
Oscar Le Clerc and Madame Bout on. 



160 THE ROSE. 

Many of these roses are identical in all respects 
save name ; the others are certainly too much 
alike to be grown, even in the largest collec- 
tions ; for though there may exist some consider- 
able difference in the habit of growth of a few of 
those coupled together, the distinction between 
the flowers is exceedingly slight, such as 'can be 
observed by experts only. I have in every case 
placed first the variety which seems on the whole 
the most worthy of being retained ; in a few 
instances I have found it difficult to make a deci- 
sion, this is where an asterisk (^) is prefixed to the 
name. In all these cases (''^) we shall make fur- 
ther study of the slight differences which exist 
between the varieties so as to determine the best ; 
we hope to have the aid of others in this matter. 

How TO DISTINGUISH VARIETIES. Old I'OSa- 

rians may need no instruction in this matter, but 
we believe some useful hints may be given to 
amateurs who find difTiculty in ascertaining the 
difference which exists between varieties that re- 
semble each other. The chief value of such 
knowledge is in the power given of determining 
what sorts should be retained as the best of their 
type, and what rejected as similar but inferior to 



PERMAKENT COLORS, ETC. IGl 

them. The flower is naturally the first to claim 
our attention ; observe first the color, second 
the form, degree of fulness, and size, third the 
fragrance. Next, examine the vigor and habit 
of growth, whether the shoots are upright or 
spreading; the joints between leaf -stalks, whether 
close together (short joints), or widely separated 
(long joints) ; the thorns, whether they be many 
or few in number, their thickness, length, color, 
whether straight or hooked ; the leaf -stalks and 
foliage, whether the leaflets be five, seven, nine, 
or eleven in number ; the color of the foliage 
and bark, sometimes dark green, sometimes pale, 
occasionally brown or red ; further, wdiether the 
leaves be small or large, round or long, indented 
or regular, glaucous and smooth, or curled and 
rough. Then also we have to consider the pro- 
ductiveness and continuity of bloom, and the 
hardiness of the plant. A year ago I made the 
discovery of a face which has an important bear- 
ing in this matter. The majority of Hybrid 
Remontant Roses have five leaflets, though quite 
a number of kinds in the class are freely fur- 
nished with seven. My discovery was this : All 
Hybrid Remontant Roses that have seven leaflets 



162 THE ROSE. 

are liglit-colored sorts, rose-color, j^ink, etc. 
Excepting A. Geoffrey St. Hilaire tliere is no 
red or crhnson Remontant having seven leaflets ; 
by tins I do not mean that a leaf -stalk of a red or 
crimson sort is never fnrnished with more than 
five leaflets ; isolated cases can be observed 
where seven leaflets are found, just as four and 
five leaved clover-stalks now and then come to 
notice. 

As a practical illustration of our comments on 
how to distinguish between similar varieties, we 
invite the amateur to study and compare Alfred 
Colomb, Marie Baumann, and Marie Eady ; three 
of our best roses, sorts which have many qualities 
in common, so much so that the inexperienced, 
when first observing them together, might pro- 
nounce them the same rose. But the expert at 
once sees distinctive traits that separate one from 
the other, he notices that Alfred Colomb is the 
darkest in shade of the three, that it has a more 
globular, pointed bud and flower than Marie 
Baumann ; that the wood is much more smooth 
than the others ; that late in the season the flow- 
ers have more substance and are of better quality 
than Marie Baumann. So, early in the year, he 



PERMANENT COLORS, ETC. 163 

would select Marie Baumann or Marie Rady as 
in a degree the most beautiful ; the former more 
circular and symmetrical, if possible, than Alfred 
Colomb ; the latter with more substance, and 
better filled out. And, so continuing the exami- 
nation, it is found that these roses are sufficiently 
distinct, one from the other, both in flower and 
habit, to make the presence of all three most de- 
sirable in all choice collections. Now take up 
Maurice Bernardin and its near relatives. Yery 
close and minute examinations enable us to de- 
tect variations in one way and another, but these 
variations are so slight that we come to the de- 
cision that one name will answer for all. It 
takes close and continued observation to deter- 
mine which is most worthy of retention. The 
choice in this case certainly lies between Maurice 
Bernardin and Ferdinand de Lesseps. Sir Gar- 
net Wolseley has been thought a trifle fuller and 
of higher finish than the others, but it is less pro- 
ductive and more tender. A study of the other 
varieties coupled together as synonomous or too 
much alike, will develop similar conclusions. 



CHAPTER XY. 

TYPICAL ROSES. CHARACTERISTICS WHICH 
ARE COMMON TO CERTAIN VARIETIES IN 
DIFFERENT CLASSES. 

To know the j)ecnliarities which pertain to 
certain families of Hybrid Remontant and other 
roses, wonld be advantageous to different people 
in many ways. There are some types, such as 
La Reine, Jules Margottin, Victor Yerdier, 
and Giant of Battles families, which are quite 
marked in their characteristics. If all new roses 
were classified or described as being of such and 
such origin, or as belonging to a certain class, it 
would be of great value. The nurseryman is 
unwilling, with some exceptions, to undertake 
the propagation of a kind which will not root 
and grow freely ; he also desires such as are of 
healthy habit and good constitution, in addition 
to excellence in color and form of flower. The 
amateur, perhaps, would not knowingly purchase 
a variety devoid of fragrance, or one which is 



TYPICAL HOSES. 165 

not a free autumnal bloomer. The florist would 
require that a variety should be of steadfast 
color, one that does not quickly fade ; or that it 
should be useful to force, yielding flowers in 
abundance, etc. If, therefore, new roses were 
described as belonging to the La Reine or Victor 
Yerdier type, we should have some very impor- 
tant knowledge of their qualities, since these roses 
have imparted to their progeny certain distinct 
attributes by which they may readily be distin- 
guished from others. A consideration of the 
different prominent types found among Hybrid 
Remontant and other classes of roses may be 
studied with interest and profit. 

Bakonne Pkevost Type. — The year 1842 
ushered in to rosarians what is now the oldest 
type of roses in the class, viz., Baronne Pre- 
vost. It is not a numerous family, and is also of 
less importance to us than many of the others, 
but we can well imagine what pleasure it gave, 
in years gone by, to the rosarians of the day. 
This type makes long, stout shoots, fortified with 
red thorns of unequal length, but generally 
short ; foliage rather oval, somewhat crimpled ; 
flowers large, or very large, of flat shape, very 



1G6 THE HOSE. 

full, fragrant, of some sliade of rose. It is the 
most hardy type we have. The varieties com- 
monly grown are Boieldien, Colonel de Rouge- 
mont, Madame Boll, Oderic Yital. They are 
all free bloomers in antumn. 

La Reine Type. — In 1844, Laffay introduced 
what he loyally named Rose of the Queen (Rose 
de la Reine). This variety bore royal sway for 
many years ; it not only still sells well and is to 
be considered a useful rose, but it should also 
have our esteem as beii)g the parent of a most 
useful family. The wood is light green, fur- 
nished with occasional thorns ; of strong growth ; 
foliage pale green and crimpled. Flowers vari- 
ous shades of rose, generally of semi-globular 
form, large, somewhat fragrant ; free in the 
autumn ; quite hardy, enduring more cold than 
any of the other families except Baronne Prevost. 
The leading sorts are : Anne de Diesbach, 
Antoine Moutin, Auguste Mie, Belle Normande, 
Francois Michelon, Gloire de Vitry, Laelia, 
Louise Peyronny, Madame Alice Dnreau, Mme. 
Nachury, Paul I^eyron, Reine du Midi, Yille de 
St. Denis. 

Giant of Battles Type. — The founder of 



TYPICAL ROSES. 1G7 

this family was introduced by Nerard in 1846, 
and doubtless lias Bourbon blood in its veins. 
Tlie colors are various shadings of crimson, very 
rich and effective when in perfection, but very 
fleeting ; the sun soon gives them a muddy hue. 
The flowers are well shaped, but small, and have 
slight fragrance ; they are very freely produced 
in the spring and summer months, but, as a 
rule, not in the autumn. The shoots are of 
moderate or short growth, short jointed, erect, 
very stiff, and covered with very numerous red- 
dish thorns. The foliage is of lustrous dark 
green, very subject to mildew. They are difii- 
cult to propagate from cuttings, and liable to in- 
jury from frost. The leading sorts are : Arthur 
de Sansal, Cardinal Patrizzi, Crimson Bedder, 
Empereur de Maroc, Eugene Appert, Slveque de 
Nimes, Lord Raglan, Louis Cliaix, Mrs. Stand- 
ish, Yainqueur de Solferino. 

General Jacqueminot Type. — In 1852, the 
head of what is now considered the most valu- 
able type ]nade his bow to an admiring world ; 
clad in rich crimson livery he still commands re- 
spect and admiration, and marshalled under his 
generalship is the army of dark roses which so 



1G8 THE ROSE. 

excite and please our senses by tlieir cliarms and 
loveliness. This family j)i'C>bably originated 
from the old Hybrid China Gloire des Koso- 
manes ; they are moderately hardy, but less so 
than those of the Baronne Prevost, Jules Mar- 
gottin and La Reine types. The flowers are in- 
variably shades of red and crimson, generally 
high perfumed, freely produced in the spring, 
but varying greatly as to their autumnal bloom. 
As a family they are much more shy in the 
autumn than any of the others. 

The shoots are of vigorous growth, not very 
thick, generally upright, with quite numerous 
light green spines ; the foliage handsome, rather 
pointed. It is now the most numerous of the 
families, popular taste demanding crimson roses 
and those of dark shades. Leading varieties of 
the type are : Beauty of Waltham, Camille Ber- 
nardin, Dupuy Jamain, Leopold Premier, Marie 
Baumann, Marie Rady, Maurice Bernardin, 
Pierre dotting, Prince Arthur. There are also 
Charles LefebvTe, Alfred Colomb, Duke of 
Edinburgh, Prince Camille, and Senateur 
Yaisse, which are supposed to be seedlings of 
Jacqueminot, but they cluster about them other 



TYPICAL ROSES. 169 

varieties of the family, and are worthy of sepa- 
rate mention and consideration. 

YiCTOR Yerdier Type. — The head of this 
family originated with Lacharme, of Lyons, and 
was sent out by him in 1852. It is doubtless 
from one of the La Reine type crossed with 
some monthly rose, probably a Bourbon. The 
descendants are very numerous, and in spite of 
their rather tender habits form a valuable group, 
being the most free flowering of them all ; had 
they but fragrance they would be unrivalled ; 
but, alas ! they are devoid of scent, and there- 
fore cannot rank as high as the others. Fine 
feathers alone do not constitute fine birds, and 
surely fragrance is to the rose wdiat song is to 
the bird. The shoots are of moderate growth, 
stout, upright, nearly smooth, of a reddish green, 
with an occasional reddish thorn ; the foliage is 
very large, of a deep lustrous green, very attrac- 
tive. The flowers arc large, well built up ; 
generally shades of rose and pink prevail. It is 
the best adapted for forcing in winter of all the 
families. 

The leading varieties grown are Andre Du- 
nand. Captain Christy, Charles Yerdier, Countess 



170 THE KOSE. 

of Oxford, Etienne Levet, Hippolyte Jamain, 
Julius Finger, Mine. Geo. Scliwartz, Mme. De- 
vert, Mme. Eugene Cliambeyran, Mme. Louis 
Donacliue, Mme. Maxime . de la Rocheterie, 
Mile Eugenie Yerdier, Marie Cointet, Marie 
Finger, Mrs. Baker, Oxonian (somewhat fra- 
grant), President Thiers, Pride of Waltham, 
Rosy Morn, Souvenir de President Porcher. 

Jules Maegottin Type. — In 1853 Jules Mar- 
gottin, of Bourg-la-Peine, near Paris, sent out 
a fine rose, which he called after himself ; though 
he has been raising seedling roses ever since, 
none of them have quite come uj) to this in 
worth. Wood, light green ; sharp, red thorns, 
somewhat numerous ; shoots rather stout and 
generally of vigorous growth. Crimpled foliage. 
Flowers of large size, very full, somewhat flat 
shape, mostly shades of rose and carmine, almost 
without perfume ; generally free in the autumn. 
They are very hardy ; as a rule difficult of 23rop- 
agation from cuttings, but making very vigorous 
plants when budded. 

Abel Grand, Achille Gonod, Bessie tJohnson 
(quite fragrant), Claude Bernard, Countess of 
Serenye, Duchesse de Yallombrosa, Edward 



TYPICAL ILOSES. 171 

MoiTen, Egeria, Emily Laxton, Joliii Hopper, 
Magna Charta, Madame Gabriel Liiizet, Madame 
Lacharme, Madame Louis Leveque, Mademoiselle 
Therese Levet, Marchioness of Exeter, Margue- 
rite de St. Amande, Marquise de Castellane, Miss 
Hassard (scented), Monsieur Noman, P?eonia, 
Peacli Blossom, Princess Mary of Cambridge, 
Rev. J. B. Camm (very sweet), are tlie leading 
sorts. 

Senateur Yaisse Type. — Senateur Yaisse was 
introduced in 1859. In this family we find what 
are perhaps the most perfectly formed flowers. 
The varieties are of moderate growth, with 
smoother wood than most dark roses ; the foliage, 
too, is more round and of a deeper green. 
Anicet Bourgeois (new), E. Y. Teas, Madame 
Adelaide Cote (new), Madame Yictor Yerdier, 
and Mrs. Laxton are members of this group. 

Charles Lefebvre Type. — Lacharme intro- 
duced Charles Lefebvre in 1861. He believes that 
it is the result of a cross (I infer by natural 
agencies) between Yictor Yerdier and General 
Jacqueminot ; it certainly shows many of the 
characteristics of these two sorts. The Avood and 
foliage are light green ; occasionally armed with 



172 THE ROSE. 

pale red thorns, but as a rule the wood is very 
smooth. The flowers are more waving in out- 
line than any of the other famiUes ; the habit of 
growth is free, intermediate between Victor 
Yerdier and General Jacqueminot. Glory of 
Cheshunt, Harrison Weir, Henry Bennett, 
Madame Anna de Besobrasoff, Marguerite Bras- 
sac, Paul Jamain, President Leon de St. Jean, 
and W. Wilson Saunders are marked members 
of this type. Dr. Andry, Horace Yernet, Lord 
Macaulay, Mrs. Harry Turner, Rev. W. H. 
Stomer3 and Souvenir du Dr. Jamain, also seem 
to find a place in this group. 

Prince Camille Type. — In 1861 E. Yerdier 
sent out Prince Camille de Rohan. In this type 
w^e find the darkest, most velvety roses. It 
would seem as though this family must have 
been produced by the blending of General Jac- 
queminot with Giant of Battles. The varieties 
are of vigorous or free growth ; the wood is 
somewhat darker, the spines less numerous, the 
habit more spreading than in those of the Jac- 
queminot type. Kone of them bloom freely in 
the autumn, but in the spring their wondrous 
rich crimson shades gain more admirers than any 



TYPICAL ROSES. 173 

others. Baron Cliaurand, Baron de Bonstetten, 
La Rosiere, Monsieur Boncenne, are prominent 
members of tins family. Abel Carriere, Jean 
Liaband, Jean Sonpert, and Souvenir d'Auguste 
Riviere can also be classed with tliese ; though 
they show more of the Giant of Battles character 
than the former, and might therefore not inap- 
propriately be placed by themselves. 

Alfred Colomb Type. — Alfred Colomb, sent 
out in 1865, has a somewhat similar habit of 
growth to General Jacqueminot, but the thorns 
are much less numerous, and with a more yellow 
hue ; the flowers are also fuller and more globu- 
lar, and blossom much more abundantly. A. K. 
Williams, Madame Alphonse Lavalle, and Wil- 
helm Koelle, may be grouped under this head. 

Duke of Edinburgu Type. — The only English 
rose which is the head of a type was sent out by 
George Paul in 1868. The habit of growth is 
much like that of Jacqueminot, but the foliage 
is generally longer and larger. The flowers arc 
not permanent in color, burning very quickly in 
the sun, and are very sparsely ]:)roduced in the 
autumn. It is a very beautiful family when 
grown in a moist, cool climate ; but there are 



174 THE ROSE. 

few of tlie members tliat will do well nnder 
om* hot sun. The varieties best known, mostly 
of recent origin, are : Brightness of Cheslmnt, 
Dr. Hooker, Duke of Connaught, Duke of Teck, 
Robert Marnock, S. Reynolds Hole, Sultan of 
Zanzibar, The Shah. 

All of the types described above belong to the 
Hybrid Remontant Class of Roses, Among the 
Hybrid Noisettes we find two types, the first is 
the— 

Mademoiselle Bonn aire Type. — The flowers 
are of medium size, and of circular, very beauti- 
ful form. The growth is moderate, or dwarf. 
The foliage is rather small and somewhat crim- 
pled ; the wood light green, fortified with 
numerous small spines. Though devoid of fra- 
grance, these are our most charming white roses; 
the flowers are freely produced throughout June 
and the summer months. The varieties belong- 
ing to the type are Eliza Boelle, Madame No- 
man and Madame Oswald de Kerchove. 

Madame A. de Rougp:mont Type. — The 
varieties of this type differ greatly from those of 
the preceding. The habit of growth is free or 
vigorous ; the wood is smoother, the foliage 



TYPICAL ROSES. 175 

more oval and glaucous, like the Bourbon roses ; 
tlie flowers are even more freely produced tlian 
tliose of tlie other type, but are inferior to them 
in quality. The principal sorts are : Baronne de 
Maynard, Coquette des AT pes. Coquette des 
Blanches, Madame Auguste Perrin, Madame 
Francois Pittet, Perfection des Blanches. 

Gloire de Dijon Type. — The head of this 
family was sent out in 1853, and is the variety 
from which most of the Climbing Teas have 
sprung. Young plants of this type are often 
difficult to start after being rooted from cuttings, 
but when well established grow luxuriantly. The 
parentage of Gloire de Dijon is unknown, but 1 
believe it must have originated from a natural 
cross between some Bourbon and Noisette (Tea- 
scented) Rose. The foliage shows much of the 
Bourbon character ; the flowers are of globular 
form, very large and full. Varieties belonging 
to this type are Antonia Decarli, Belle Lyonnaise, 
Gloire de Bordeaux, Jean Lorthois, Madame 
Berard, Madame Trifle, Marie Berton. 

These types are about all that are really dis- 
tinct ; among the Hybrid Teas it is likely that 
a separation into groups will be desirable at some 



176 THE KOSE. 

time in the future, as this is destined to be an 
increasing class ; but at tlie present time La 
France represents the class in a sufficiently dis- 
tinct way. The Teas niight be arranged in 
family groups, but this is a task which I sliall 
not attempt until some other time ; it would be 
a division less useful than those given. 



CHAPTER XVI. 

RAISING NEW VAKIETIES. 

New Roses occasionally come as sports, but 
the only method depended uj^on for their pro- 
duction is sowing seed. Roses of the past have, 
for the most part, been the product of nature un- 
aided by the hand of man. The common prac- 
tice has been to gather the seed, without even 
keeping the varieties separate, and to sow it pro- 
miscuously. There are a few instances recorded 
where artificial crossings have been resorted to, 
with successful results, but the number of such 
operators has been very limited. It is a well- 
known fact that most fruits and flowers seldom 
reproduce themselves with exactness from seed ; 
there is often a close resemblance, yet some di- 
vergence from the original. Nature is constantly 
struggling for variation ; even though the pistils 
receive pollen from their own flower alone, this 
law holds good ; but through the agencies of 
wind, insects, etc. , the pollen from one flower is 
often carried to the pistils of another, and so 



178 THE ROSE. 

natural crossing or liybridization takes place. 
Tlius, by simplj gathering and sowing the seeds 
of one variety, like General Jacqueminot, it has 
been possible to produce a large number of dis- 
tinct kinds of great value. This, as stated above, 
has been the practice up to the present time, but 
it is a practice on which we should no longer ex- 
clusively depend ; on the contrary, for the roses 
of the future we should mainly rely on artificial 
crossing and hybridization, or, in other words, on 
manual fecundation. 

Laffay, who raised most of the Hybrid E-e- 
montants of value that were sent out previous 
to 1850, is understood to have produced many, 
or the most, of them, by crossing varieties of the 
Bourbon Rose with the old crimson Rose du Roi. 
Yibert, Hardy, and some other of the French 
rosarians, are also credited with having produced 
many of their most beautiful sorts by manual 
fertilization, but as no record has been kept of 
the varieties used as parents, the result of their 
work is of no use to the hybridizer of the present 
day further than it affords proof that definite 
results are more certain from artificial than from 
natural crosses. 



KAISING NEW VARIETIES. ITO 

The following sorts are all claimed as the 
result of artificial crossing ; the parentage will 
be found in the catalogued list of varieties : 
America, Baronne de Maynard, Captain Christy, 
Harrison Weir, John Hopper, Jules Finger, 
Julius Finger, Marie Yan Houtte, Madame 
Lacharme, Madame Oswald de Kerchove, 
Madame Welche, Mrs. Jowitt, Mrs. Harry 
Turner, Paul Keyron, Princess Mary of Cam- 
bridge, Heine Marie Henriette, and the ten 
Hybrid Teas sent out by Bennett. 

To trace out the peculiarities of these kinds, 
learning so far as possible what influence each 
parent had in forming the qualities of the off 
spring, would be an interesting, profitable study. 
Thus, examining Paul Neyron, we find it has the 
smooth wood, glaucous foliage, fulness of flower, 
and tendency to winter-kill from the seed par- 
ent, Victor Yerdier. The vigor of growth and 
size of flower are inherited from the fructifying 
sort, Anne de Diesbach. In this example it 
will be seen that the influence of the parents has 
been nearly equal in impressing their character- 
istics. In other examples it will be found that 
the influence of one parent has been far greater 



180 THE ROSE. 

than the other ; but I hold it as an axiom that, in 
the case of any rose which is crossed by another 
variety, the progeny will surely show traits per- 
taining to both parents. Among men we find 
great divergencies of character between brothers 
and sisters, yet it is observed they always hold 
something in common which distinguishes them, 
some link which connects one with another. It 
is believed by some of the raisers who have prac- 
tised hybridization, or crossing of roses, that 
seedlings of greater beauty are to be obtained 
simply by selecting heps from naturally fertilized 
flowers, than from those which have been arti- 
ficially crossed ; that there are very many types 
among roses which are all beautiful in their way, 
but that when these are crossed, the varieties 
which result will have coarsely formed flowers, 
or be of weak constitution, etc. Such, I infer, is 
the l)elief of Messrs. Laxton, William Paul, and 
others of the English rosarians. AVitli all defer- 
ence to these gentlemen, whose experience cer- 
tainly gives weight to their belief, I do not sub- 
scribe to this opinion. T cannot but believe that 
we are even more certain of obtaining flowers of 
high finish from artificial than we are from nat- 



RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 181 

ural fertilization, if we will but pattern after 
nature and carefully study the laws of cause and 
effect. 

Though there is a difference of oj^inion 
respecting the quality and finish of the roses 
likely to result from manual fecundation, all prac- 
titioners admit that there is a certainty by this 
method of obtaining a product distinctive in char- 
acter, which is of itself a sufficient inducement 
to encourage our best efforts in this line. But 
the truth is, so few crossed roses have been 
raised, compared to the number from natural 
selection, that we have learned very little about 
the successes and failures that have attended the 
operators in this field of study. Yery few of 
those who have engaged in this work have given 
us any information that will be of use to those 
who wish to experiment. It seems to me, the 
lack of finish and delicate constitution, averred 
to belong to varieties raised from artificial crosses, 
comes from bringing together roses of different 
types, too widely separated in character to blend 
well. I believe roses belonging to the same type 
will always cross with good results. Those who 
wish to practice this art will do well^ therefore, 



182 THE ROSE. 

to begin with crossing varieties of tlie same 
family ; the chapter on Tjj^ical Roses, which 
precedes this, should be carefully perused as 
bearing on this point. 

In this connection it may be profitable for us 
to consider briefly the result of Mr. Bennett's 
labors in the hybridization of roses. Mr. Ben- 
nett fertilized the flowers of various Tea Roses 
with the pollen of Hybrid Remontants, his 
productions are therefore true hybrids, not 
crosses merely, and they are classed as Hybrid 
Teas. Ten of these hybrids have been raised 
by Mr. Bennett. We would prefer to con- 
sider sorts that have been longer in cultivation, 
but there are none such. As a rule, the Bennett 
Roses lack a vigorous and healthy constitution ; 
the best of them, for out-door culture, is Michael 
Saunders, raised from President fertilized by 
Madame Victor Yerdier. The parents of this 
sort have comparatively smooth wood, and they 
are not so widely separated in character as to 
prevent the production of a healthy offspring. 
Beauty of Stapleford, the second in point of 
general usefulness, resulted from crossing Alba 
Rosea by Countess of Oxford, both smooth- 



RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 183 

wooded kinds again, of similar vigor of growth. 
Two objectionable qualities in tliis rose, a ten- 
dency to fade quickly and a liability to mildew 
badly, are inherited from Countess of Oxford. 
Yet these are both roses likely to be esteemed 
generally useful. 

From Alba Kosea crossed by Edward Morren 
came Nancy Lee, an exquisite little rose, with 
lovely buds, but in habit of growth so dwarf and 
delicate tliat our commiseration is excited along 
with our regard. Duchess of Westminster and 
Pearl are others of the same class, which are the 
result of crossing varieties very Avidely separated 
in habit of growth, and none of the progeny 
hav^e constitutions of any vigor. In Duke of 
Connaught we have the offspring of President 
crossed by Louis Van Iloutte ; both parents are 
smooth-wooded sorts, but no nurseryman can, 
by ordinary culture, grow from cuttings plants 
of Louis Yan Houtte that will be salable after 
one season's growth. With such a parent we 
cannot wonder that the propagation of good 
plants of Duke of Connaught has been found so 
tedious and discouraging by those who have un- 
dertaken it. I understand that some of the New 



184: THE HOSE. 

Jersey florists are growing this variety with 
proiit, but this simply shows what great skill can 
do, and does not prove that the variety will be 
generally useful. 

Jean Sisley and Hon. George Bancroft are two 
others of Bennett's set which fade very quickly ; 
besides this fault the former sort is very difficult 
to open and w^e condemn it as utterly worthless ; 
the latter variety, if grown so that the original 
color is retained, will generally give satisfaction, 
though . many more malformed blooms are pro- 
duced than we expect to see in a variety put 
down as desirable. 

Duchess of Connaught shows considerable re- 
semblance to La France, and affords evidence 
that La France must certainly be a Hybrid Tea. 
It seems to me that the Duchess only differs 
from La France in various w^ays, to be inferior 
to it. 

N^ow these Bennett Eoses, taken as a whole, 
w^ould seem to strengthen the view of Messrs. 
William Paul and Laxton, imless we carefully 
consider the nature of the crosses that were made. 
From what has been shown we think the infer- 
ence may naturally be drawn, that in crossing 



RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 185 

roses we are likely to obtain satisfactory results 
by blending varieties wliicli liave several charac- 
teristic features in common. Thus, varieties of 
the same type will be pretty certain to effect good 
crosses ; as General Jacqueminot with Xavier 
Olibo, Fisher Holmes wntli Baronne de Bonstet- 
ten, Madame Victor Yerdier with E. Y. Teas, 
etc. By hybridizing, bringing Teas and Hybrid 
Remontants together, we are much less sure of 
obtaining new sorts of high finish and robust 
constitution, but far more certain of procuring 
kinds thoroughly distinct. The operator will 
then do well to bear this rule in mind : Crossing 
varieties of the same type will "produce seedlings 
of the hestform and finish y Mending sorts of 
different types will bring forth the most distinct 
kinds. In order to gain knowledge, it is well to 
practice both these extremes, but the best success 
will probably follow where a mean course is pur- 
sued. 

This matter of cross fertilization of roses places 
before us a vast field in which to study and ex- 
periment ; and although we have so little to be 
drawn from the past which may guide us, it 
seems an attractive feature connected with it, the 



186 THE KOSE. 

fact of its being largely unexplored. We can 
experience somewhat similar sensations to the 
traveller who penetrates a new country, for 
though he may not be the first to make discover- 
ies, he can be among the first to chronicle results 
and make the discoveries useful. It is still open 
for investigators to learn and make known gen- 
eral principles, which should guide us in raising 
new roses. It will be a gratification for me to 
know that I have contributed, in some measure 
at least, to this result. 

As few readers are likely to be familiar with 
the mode of manual fecundation, I will briefly 
explain what is my practice. The w^ork is much 
the easiest to manage under glass, for the reason 
that insects are not there troublesome and we do 
not have wind and rain to contend with. When- 
ever possible, choose a clear day, and operate in 
the morning, so that the flowers can be exposed 
to the influence of the sun immediately after 
they have been fertilized. The flower selected 
for a female parent should have the stamens care- 
fully removed by means of a fine pair of em- 
broidery scissors, a few hours before the pollen 
is ripe. Should the pollen be quite ripe, some of 



RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 187 

it is likely to have fallen on the pistils and a 
perfect cross could not then be assured. If, on 
the other hand, it be not nearly matured, the pis- 
tils are not in proper condition to be fertilized. 
In such a variety as General Jacqueminot, the 
stamens should be removed three or four hours 
before the flower would expand. The petals are 
then to be gently pulled off, and the stamens cut 
away. The pollen is then applied to the pistils 
by carrying to them the flower of the fertilizing 
sort and gently rubbing them with the stamens 
holding the pollen, so that the pistils are well 
covered. If preferred, a fine camel's-hair brush 
may be used for the purpose of applying the 
pollen. The pollen must be quite ripe ; if it 
does not attach itself readily to the brush it is 
not yet in fit condition for use. Those varieties 
which are not very double will give more pollen 
and be better seed-bearers than the very full ones. 
Kinds like Bon Silene, Safrano, Fisher Holmes, 
Jean Cherpin, etc., will be found the most suit- 
able for first experiments. If the operation is 
carried on out of doors, it is desirable to cover 
the flowers fertilized w^ith fine gauze, to prevent 
the interference of insects. The insects are not 



188 THE ROSE. 

apt to go to flowers from wliicli the petals have 
been removed, but it is well not to depend on 
this. The heps slionld not be gathered until 
full J ripe, say after the first frost in October ; 
they are then labelled and buried in jDots of moist 
sand. The pots must be covered w^th glass or 
something of the kind to keep out mice, who are 
very fond of the pods. I allow the pods to re- 
main in the sand till the first of January, they 
are then broken open, the seed taken out, and 
sown in boxes or pots. The seeds commence 
coming up three or four weeks after being plant- 
ed. The seedlings appear with two leaves ; so 
soon as they make a second growth they are 
pricked out by a knife blade and planted in 
small pots. They are very subject to mildew, 
and many are apt to pass away from this cause. 
In May they can be transplanted and put in open 
ground, in rich, well-drained soil. If they do 
well they can be left there over winter, of course 
being protected, and allowed to remain for test- 
ing. They commence to flower the second year, 
but many of them show no signs of bloom until 
the third or fourth year. Instead of planting 
them out in open ground, some or all can remain 



lUISING NEW VAKIETIES. 189 

in pots, tlie plants being shifted from time to time 
to pots of a larger size. One is apt to become 
very impatient waiting for tlie seedlings to 
flower ; the resnlt can be hastened by taking 
bnds from them and insertino; on some stock of 
good growth. Many of the seedlings will pro- 
duce flowers quite single ; these plants are to be 
at once rooted out. Kow and then we may find 
double flowers of good fiuish ; these are to be 
compared with flowers of old varieties, which 
they seem most to resemble, to ascertain whether 
they are distinct sorts or only inferior imitations 
of established favorites. It will often require 
considerable moral courage to refrain from call- 
ing our geese, swans. But if it is found, and ad- 
mitted by general consent, that we have origi- 
nated something both beautiful and distinct, ah, 
what pride and satisfaction do we feel ! Surely, 
there can be no more pleasing occupation for 
those who love and grow roses, than by hybridiz- 
ing and crossing artificial!}^ to engage in the art of 
producing new varieties, aye, and not of new va- 
rieties only, but of new types of roses now un- 
known. ' ' This is an art which does mend nature, 
change it rather ; but the art itself is nature." 



APPENDIX. 

PUBLICATIONS 0:N' THE ROSE. 

In the preface to this book I stated my belief 
that no compilation on the rose could ever be 
considered complete and final. I have endeav- 
ored to bring before those interested in the sub- 
ject many points of interest which have been 
ignored, or lightly touched upon, by authors of 
kindred works ; I have also desired to present all 
the information necessary to the successful culti- 
vation of the rose, exemplified in different ways. 
1 feel, however, that it is but just to my readers, 
and my brethren of the craft, to record those 
publications which are useful compilations on this 
subject. First of all, and above all, let me rec- 
ommend ^' A Book about Koses," by S. Rey- 
nolds Hole ; Wm. Blackwood & Sons, publishers. 
This book of 322 pages is a charming compilation 
by a gifted writer, who, though in one sense an 
amateur, has perhaps done more to further the 
growing of beautiful roses than any other man. 



PUBLICATIONS ON THE ROSE. 191 

No one lias ever written on floricultural subjects 
SO lovingly, so attractively, as Canon Hole ; he 
is in this respect above and beyond all writers, 
and his book is an adviser and companion that 
no rosarian can afford to be withont. 

^^ The Rose Grarden" is a large volume of 256 
pages, by William Paul, Kent & Co. publishers. 
This is a book prepared w^ith care and contains 
much of interest ; perhaps that which is most 
valuable is the chapter on hybridizing. 

''The Amateur's Rose Book," by Shirley 
Hibberd ; Grombridge & Sons, publishers ; 
" The Rose Amateur's Guide," by Thomas 
Rivers ; Longmans, Green. & Co., publishers, 
rank next in merit. " Roses and Rose Cult- 
ure," by William Paul; "Cultural Directions 
for the Rose, ' ' by John Cranston ; ' ' Roses and 
their Culture," by W. D. Prior, are other Eng- 
lish works which may be added to the library of 
any one interested in floricultural matters. 

In the French language we have " Les Roses," 
by Jamain and Forney, a work made expensive 
by the use of gilt edges and colored illustrations, 
we regret to say of dreadful character. A new 
work in German, by Thomas Nietner, was pub- 



102 THE ROSE. 

lished in 1880. This is tlie largest book on the 
rose that I know of. It is ilhistrated with 106 
woodcuts and 12 colored plates. The author de- 
scribes 5007 varieties of roses. The colored 
illustrations are very beautiful, on the whole, 
but not all true to nature. In the names of 
varieties the author often mixes the English, 
French, and German languages very grotesque- 
ly. There are many tyi)0graphical and other 
errors, but it is a book worth having if one is 
willing to pay the price, which is of necessity 
high. 

American publications on the rose are : ^^ The 
Book of Roses," by Francis Farkman ; '^ Par- 
sons on the Rose," by Samuel B. Parsons ; 
*' Prince's Manual of Roses," by W. R. Prince, 
and '' The Rose Manual," by Robert Buist. I 
believe the last two named are out of print. 

Of magazines and papers, which frequently 
contain articles on the rose that are of interest, 
there are many. Those which give the most at- 
tention to tlie subject are : The Gardener's 
Monthly^ published by Charles H. Marot, 814 
Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. Price $2.10 per 
year. The American Garden (monthly), pub- 



PUBLICATIONS ON THE ROSE. 193 

lished by B. K. Bliss & Sons, 34 Barclay Street, 
New York. Price $1 per year. In England 
there are, 77ie Gardener^ s Chronicle^ published 
by W. Richards, 41 Wellington Street, Strand, 
London ; Journal of IIortimiltiiTe, published by 
E. H. May, 171 Fleet Street, London ; The 
Garden^ published by William Robinson, 37 
Southampton Street, Covent Garden, London ; 
The Gardener'' s Magazine^ published by Shirley 
Hibberd, 4 Ave Maria Lane, London. All of 
these are weekly papers. In France we find a 
monthly magazine entitled Journal des Moses^ 
published by S. Cochet, a Suisnes, pres Brie- 
Comte-Robert (Seine-et-Marne), France. The 
last-named periodical is the only one devoted 
exclusively to the rose. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES, 

DESCRIBING ALL SORTS NOW IN GENERAL 
CULTIVATION. 

A REGISTER of tliis nature cannot attain abso- 
lute perfection, but I liave been at great pains to 
make it comj^lete and accurate. As regards the 
age of the different varieties and by whom sent 
out, 1 have obtained my information from the 
raisers themselves, their catalogues, from various 
horticultural magazines and books, mostly 
French, and from a few amateurs, who have in- 
terested themselves in the subject. Among these 
are Mons. Jean Sisley, whose monograph of the 
roses raised at Lyons has been of valuable ser- 
vice. I believe this will be found much the 
most reliable list of the kind, but from seeing so 
many inaccuracies in others of similar character 
I know there must be some errors in this. Any 
of my readers who may discover mistakes or mis- 
statements of facts will greatly oblige by com- 
municating with me, giving the authority which 
they have. In the descriptions, the more popu- 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 11 >5 

lar sorts are more fully treated tlian those not so 
well known ; where a variety is described as 
belonging to a type, a lengthy description is ren- 
dered unnecessary and only the most distinctive 
features are given. A familiarity with the con- 
tents of Chapter XY. will therefore be a great 
help to those who wish to gain a correct impres- 
sion of the varieties here described. 

In compiling this list the following method 
has been determined on as the best. The name 
of the variety is first given ; then, the habit of 
growth ; next, in ruled column, letters which 
show to what class the variety belongs ; then, 
name of the raiser, and year when the rose was 
sent out ; afterwards, the parentage, if known, 
or type to which the sort may belong ; and, lastly, 
the description. In case of synonyms, they are 
placed in brackets after the accepted name. This 
arrangement has been determined upon, after 
much careful thought, as the best that can be 
made. It is desirable to add the following, as an 
explanation of the method used in describing 
varieties : 

Color — the prevailing shade in the most per- 
fect development of the flower. 



19G THE ROSE. 

Size — small, from one to two inches in diame- 
ter ; medium, from two to three inches in 
diameter ; large, from three to four inches in 
diameter ; very large, above four inches in 
diameter. 

Fulness — semi-double, w^ith two to four rows 
of petals ; double, having more than four rows 
of petals, but the seed organs are shown when 
the flower expands ; full, in which the expanded 
flowers seldom show the stamens. 

Form — cupped, the inner petals are shorter 
than the outer ones, tlie latter stand erect and are 
generally incurved ; globular, outer petals are 
concave, often with convex edges, the x><^tals 
fold richly one about the other ; reflexed, 
numerous petals, generally small, rising tier 
above tier to the centre ; flat, the surface of the 
flower is level and all the petals are exposed to 
view — varieties of this kind are very full and 
rarely are seed-bearers. 

Abbreviations used, describing the habit of 
growth : 

Vig., Vigorous. — Those sorts which are most 
luxuriant in growth. 

Free. — Varieties which rank next in order, pro- 



CATALOGUE OF \ AKIETIES. 197 

ducinoT slioots somewhat shorter or less stroncr 
than the first. 

Mod., Moderate. — These kinds make a com- 
pact growth, but do not produce long shoots. 

Dwf., Dwarf. — These are the most delicate or 
slow-growing sorts. Among hardv roses, those 
marked dwf. should, almost invariably, be bud- 
ded. 

It is to be noted that nearly all varieties which 
have in them shades of lilac, violet, or purple 
are very fleeting in color. 

ABBREVIATIO>'S, DESCKTBING THE CLASSES TO WHICH 
THE VARIETIES BELONG. 

A. — Austrian. 

Ay. — Ayrshire. 

Bk. — Banksia. 

B. — Bourbon. 

B*lt.— Boursault. 

CI. T.— Climbing Tea. 

Dam. — Damask. 

E V. —Evergreen. 

Fr. — French. 

H.Ch.— Hybrid Cluna. 

H. CI. —Hybrid Climbing. 



198 



THE ROSE. 



H.N.— Hybrid Koisette. 
II. H. — Hybrid Remontant. 
H.T.— Hybrid Tea. 
Mic. — Microphylla. 
M.— Moss. 
Mult.— Multiflora. 
N.— Koisette. 
P.M.— Perpetual Moss. 
Pol. — Polyantlia. 
P. — Prairie. 
Prov. — Provence. 
S. — Scotch. 
T.— Tea Roses. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



I. A. GeofFroy-St. 
Hilaire, mod. 



2. A. M. Ampere. 

3. Abbe Bramerel. 

mod. 

4. Abbe Girau- 
dier. 



Class. 



H.R. 



H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 



E. Verdier, 1878. Red, with a 
shade of crimson ; medium 
size, full ; fine, circular form, 
fragrant and free. Seed organs 
well developed ; seven leaflets 
are common, a great rarity 
among dark varieties of this 
class. 

Liabaud, 1881. Raised from Lion 
lies Cojubats. 

Guillot-fils, 1871. Raised from 
Gimit of Battles. Crimson, 
shaaed with velvety purple. 

Levet, 1869. Bright rose. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



199 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth 



5. Abbe Reynaud, 
vig. 

6, Abel Carriere, 
mod. 



7. Abel Grand, 
mod. or free. 



8. Achille Gonod, 
free. 

9. Acidalie, free. 

10. Adam, mod. 

( Syn . Pi esiden t. ) 

11. Admiral Nel 
son, vig. 



12. Admiral Rig- 

ney. 

13. Adolphe Bro- 
gniart, mod. 

14. Adrienne Chris- 

tophle, mod. 

15. African Black, 
mod. 

16. A g r i p p i n a , 
mod. 

{^Syn. Cramoisi- Supe- 
netir.) 




H.R. 

H R. 

B. 

T. 
H.R. 

N. 
H.R. 

T. 

Fr. 
Beng. 



Guillot-fils, 1863. Large, car- 
mine-rose flowers, not full 
enough ; growth very rank. 

E. Verdier, 1875. Velvety crim- 
son, with fiery centre ; large, 
full flowers, fragrant ; short 
wood, sharp red spines ; shows 
traces of Bourbon blood. A 
rose of better form and finish 
than most of the very dark 
sorts. Shy in autumn. 

Damaizin, 1865. Jtihs Margottin 
type. Glossy rose, large and 
full, fragrant ; unreliable as to 
form, often the finest in au- 
tumn. 

Gonod, 1864. Raised from yz^/^-i- 
Margottin. Rosy-carmine. 

Rousseau, 1837. Blush, often 
white ; fragrant. 

Adam, 1838. Salmon-rose, fra- 
grant ; esteemed for forcing. 

Ducher, 1859. Bright crimson, 
double, cupped form ; very 
spiny, straggling growth ; 
shows Bourbon origin. 

See Eugene Pirolle. 

Margottin, 1868. Carmine-red, 
full, fragrant. 

Guillot-fils, 1868. Apricot-yel- 
low. 

Dark crimson. Not valuable. 

Introduced to England from Chi- 
na in 1789. Rich crimson, spe- 
cially valued for its fine buds. 
A useful sort for bedding out 
and for forcing. 'J he best of 
the class. 



200 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth 




17. Aimee VibertJ N. 
free. 



18. Aimee Vibert 
Scandens, vig. 



19. Alba C a r n ea, 
free. 

20. Alba Grandiflo- 
ra, vig. 

21. AlbaMutabilis, 
free. 



22. Alba Rosea, 
free, 

23. Alexandre Du- 

titre. 

24. Alexander Fon- 
taine, vig. 

25. Alexa n d r i n e 
B a c h m e tiefF, 
mod. 

26. Alfred Colomb, 
free. 



N. 



H.R. 

Bk. 
H.R. 

T. 

H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 



Vibert, 1S28. Raised from Setn- 
pirvirens Plena. Pure white, 
small, double flowers, pro- 
duced in large clusters ; seven 
leaflets ; nearly hardy. 

Curtis, 1841. A sport from the 
above ; identical with the old 
kind, except that it is of strong- 
er growth. These pretty sorts 
are both difficult to propagate 
from cuttings. 

Touvais, 1867. White, tinted 
with rose ; foliage dark ; seven 
leaflets are common. 

Very small, full flowers, delicate- 
ly scented. 

E. Verdier, 1865. Pink, some- 
times mottled, medium size, 
double. Wood armed with 
dark brown thorns. 

Sarter, 1855. See Madame Bravy. 

Leveque, 1878. Bright rose. 

Cherry-red ; mildews easily ; shy 
bloomer. 

Margottin, 1852. Cherry-red, ro- 
sette shape, medium size ; fo- 
liage dark ; wood armed with 
pale red thorns. 

Lacharme, 1865. Raised from 
Gend'al Jacqueminot. Carmine- 
crimson ; large, or very large, 
full ; of fine, globular form, ex- 
tremely fragrant ; green wood, 
with occasional pale green 
thorns, the foliage large and 
handsome. A grand rose ; the 
most useful, in its class, for 
general cultivation. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



201 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




27. Alfred de Dal 
mas, free. 



28. Alfred de Rou- 
gemont, free. 



29. Alfred K. Wil- 
liams, mod. 



30. Alfred Leveau. 

31. Alice Dureau. 

32. Alice Leroy, 
mod. or free. 

33. Aline S i s 1 ey , 
mod. 

34. Alpaide de Ro- 
talier, free. 

35. Alphonse Da- 
maizin, mod. 

36. Alphonse Karr. 

37. Alphonse Karr. 

38. Alphonse Karr, 
mod. 



39. Alphonse Mor- 
tlemans, mod. 



P.M. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

M. 

T. 

H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 
B. 



T. 



Laffay, 1855. Pink, small flow- 
ers, of poor quality ; the wood 
is very thorny ; straggling 
habit. 

Lacharme, 1863. Raised from 
General Jacqueminot. Crimson- 
magenta, very large, full, well 
built, fragrant ; rather shy 
bloomer. 

Schwartz, 1877. Magenta-red, 
shaded with crimson ; large, 
full flowers, partly imbricated. 
A very beautiful rose ; but, thus 
far, not constant and reliable. 

Vigneron, 1880. Carmine-rose. 

Vigneron, 1867. Rosy-lilac, good 
globular form. 

Trouillard, 1842. Pink, semi- 
double ; buds are not mossy. 
Armed with very red spines. 

Guillot-fi.ls, 1874. Violet-rose, 
not a clear shade ; a fruity, 
pleasant fragrance. 

Campy, 1863. Rose-color. 

Damaizin, 1861. Bright crimson. 

Portemer, 1845. Flesh color, 
margined with carmine. 

Feuillet, 1855. Bright rose, me- 
dium size, full. 

Nabonnand, 1878. Raised from 
Duchess of Edinbtirgh. Rosy 
crimson. Sent out as a Tea ; 
but, with its parent, is better 
placed among the Bengals. 
There is, as yet, no crimson 
Tea. 

Madame Ducher, 1875. Lilac- 
rose. 



202 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




40. Amabilis, free. 

41. Amadis, vig. 

( Criin 'n BotirsaulL ) 

42. Amazone, mod. 



43. AmbrogioMag- H.R. 

gi. 

44. Amelie Hoste. H.R. 



45. America, vig. 



46. American Ban- 
ner, dwf. 



47. Andre Dunand, 
mod. 

48. Andre L e roj^ 
mod. 



49. Anicet Bour- 
geois. 



50, Anna AlexiefF, 
free. 



N. 



H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 



Touvais. Flesh color, centre 
rose ; habit, branching. 

iLaffay, 1829. Purplish crimson ; 

I semi-double. 

jDucher, 1872. Yellow, reverse 

I of petals veined with rose ; 

! long, well-formed buds ; habit 

I delicate. 

Pernet, 1879. Raised from y*?/^^ 
Hoppej: Bright rose. 

Gonod, 1874. Pink, reverse of 
petals darker. 

C. G. Page, 1859. (Sent out by 
T. G. Ward, of Washington.) 
Raised from Solfaterre X Sa- 
ft'ano. Pale yellow, with fawn 
centre ; large, full flowers ; 
more shy than either parent. 

G. Cartwright, 1879. (Sent out 
by Peter Henderson.) A sport 
from Bon Silene. Carmine, 
striped with white, semi-dou- 
ble ; the flowers and fol iage are 
both small. Of no value except 
as a curiosity. 

Schwartz, 1871. Raised from Vic- 
tor Verdicr, Silvery rose ; fades 
quickly and often opens badly. 

Trouillard, 1868. (Sent out by 
Standish.) Crimson, with a 
shade of violet ; an attractive 
color, but very transient ; oft- 
en ill-formed. 

Moreau-Robert, 1880. Raised 
from Senatetir Vaisse X Ma- 
dame Victor Verdier. Cherr}-- 
red, cupped form. 

Margottin, 1858. Rose color, 
large, full flowers, freely pro- 
duced. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



203 



Name of Variety, and p 
Habit of Growth. ^^-ass. 



51. Anna Eliza, vig, 

52. Anna Ollivier, 
mod. 

53. Anna Maria, 
vig. 

54. Anne de Dies 
bach, vig. 



55. Anne Marie 
Cote, free. 

56. Anne Marie de 
Montravel, 
mod. 



57. 


Annie Laxton, 
mod. 


H.R 


58. 


Annie Wood, 
mod. or dwf. 


H.R 


59- 


Antheros. 


T. 


60. 


AntoineDevert. 


T. 


61. 


A n toi n e Du- 
cher, mod. 


H.R 


62, 


Antoine Mou- 
ton, vig. 


H.R 


63. 


Antoine Qui- 
hou. 


H.R 



P. 

T. 

P. 

H.R. 



H.N. 
Pol. 



Williams. Red, tinged with li- 
lac numerous thorns. 

Ducher, 1872. Buff, shaded with 
rose. 

Feast, 1843. Pale pink ; very- 
few thorns. 

Lacharme, 1858. Raised from 
La Reine. In color, the most 
lovely shade of carmine ; very- 
large, double flowers, fragrant; 
one of the hardiest. A very- 
desirable garden rose. 

Guillot-fils, 1875. White, some- 
times tinged with pink. 

Rambeaux & Dubreuil, 1879. 
Very small, full, white flowers, 
somewhat fragrant. Resem- 
bles Paquerette. 

Laxton, 1869. (Sent out by Geo. 
Paul.) Satiny rose, medium 
or large size, very full. 

E. Verdier, 1866. Bright crim- 
son with a shade of vermil- 
ion ; a good autumnal rose. 

Lepage. Flesh color, shaded 
with yellow. 

Gonod,i88o. White, tinged with 
pink, reverse of petals shaded 
salmon. 

Ducher, 1866. Violet-red ; large, 
well shaped flowers, fragrant ; 
wood very thorny. The color 
is very fleeting. 

Levet, 1874. Deep rose, tinged 
with lilac, not unlike Paul 
Neyron ; it is more fragrant and 
more hardy, but in color and 
size is below that sort. 

E. Verdier, 1S79. Brownish- 
crimson. 



204 



THE KOSE. 



Name of Variety, and p 
Habit of Growth. '-^ass. 



64. Antoine Ver- 
dier, mod. 



65. A n t on ia De- 

carli, vig. 



66. Apolline, vig. 



67. A rchduke 
Charles, mod. 

68. A r chi m ede, 
free. 



69. Ardoise de Ly- 
on, vig. 

70. Aristide Du- 
puis, vig. 

71. Arthemise, free. 



72. Arthur de San- 
sal. 

73. Augusta. 




H.R. 



Cl.T. 
B. 

Beng 
T. 

H.R. 
H.C. 
H.R. 



H.R. 

N. 



Jamain, 1871. Rose shaded with 
lilac, well formed buds, no per- 
fume; the color is muddy. This 
sort would not improperly be 
classed among the Hybrid 
Teas, as it resembles them in 
habit as well as in continuity 
of flowering. 

Levet, 1873. Maybe briefly de- 
scribed as an inferior Gloire de 
Dijon, from which sort it was 
raised. 

V. Verdier, 1848. Raised from 
Pierre de St. Cyr. Rosy-pink ; 
large, cupped flowers. The 
most useful of all Bourbons 
for open air. 

LafFay. Rosy-crimson, variable 
in color, sometimes deep mar- 
bled rose. 

Robert, 1856. Rosy-fawn, the 
centre darker ; ill-formed flow- 
ers are frequent. A good rose 
when in perfection, and of ex- 
cellent habit. 

Plantier, 1865. (Sent out by Da- 
maizin.) Violet rose, a poor 
color. 

Touvais, 1866. Purplish-rose, a 
muddy hue ; double or full, 
fragrant ; of no value. 

Moreau-Robert, 1876. Deep rose 
color; rather small, cupped- 
shaped flowers, not unlike 
Apolline. Only worthy of a 
place in very large collec- 
tions. 

Cochet, 1855. Raised from Giant 
of Battles. Deep crimson. 

See Solfaterre. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



205 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




74. Auguste Buch- 
ner. 

75. Auguste M i e, 
free. 

{Madame Rival.) 

76. Auguste Neu- 
mann. 

77. Auguste Oger, 
mod. 

78. Auguste Rigo- 
tard. 

79. Auguste Va- 
cher. 

80. Auretti, vig. 

81. Aureus. 

82. Avocat Duvi- 
vier. 

83. Baltimore 

Belle, vig. 

84. Baron Adolphe 
de Rothschild, 
free. 

85. Baron Alexan- 
dre de Vrints. 

86. Baron Chau- 
rand, vig, 

87. Baron de Bon- 
stetten, vig. 



88. Baron Gonella, 
vig. 

89. Baron Hauss- 
mann, free. 



H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

T. 
H.R. 

T. 

H.C. 

T. 
H.R. 

P. 

H.R. 

T. 

H.R. 
H.R. 



B. 
H.R. 



L6veque, 1880. Reddish purple. 

Laffay, 1851. Raised from La 
Reine. Glossy pink. One of 
the most tender of this type. 

E. Verdier, 1870. Red, shaded 
with violet. 

Oger, 1856. Coppery-rose. 

Schwartz, 1871. Cherry-red, 
somewhat like Diipiiy Jainain. 

Lacharme, 1853, Copper}^ yel- 
low. 

Crimson - purple ; fades very 
quickly. 

Ducher, 1873. Coppery-yellow. 

Leveque, 1875. See Mar^chal 
Vaillant. 

Feast, 1843. Pale blush, chang- 
ing to white. 

Lacharme, 1862. Bright red, 
shaded with crimson; mildews 
easily. 

Gonod, 1880. Raised from Ma- 
dam e de Tartas. Delicate 
rose. 

Liabaud, I86g. See Baron de 
Bonstetten. 

Liabaud, 1871. Velvety maroon, 
shaded with deep crimson, 
somewhat lighter in shade 
than Prince Catnille, and rather 
smaller in size, but with a lit- 
tle more substance ; shy in au- 
tumn, but a grand lose. 

Guillot-pere, 1859. Bronzed rose, 
well formed, flagrant ; non- 
autumnal. 

E. Verdier, 1867. Dark red, large, 
well-built flowers. 



206 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




go. Baron Taylor, 
free. 



91. 



92 



Baron de Roths- 
child, free. 



Baroness Roth 
schild, mod. 
{^Madame de Roths- 
child.) 



93. Baronne de 
Maynard, mod. 
or free. 



94. Baronne 
Frailly. 



de 



95. Baronne de 
Wassenaer, 
free. 

96. Baronne Louise 
UxhuU, free. 

97. Baronne Pro- 

vost, vig. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



H.N. 



H.R. 

M. 

H.R. 
H.R. 



Dougat, 1879. ^ sport from 
John Hopper. Pink. Only dif- 
fers from the parent in shade ; 
it does not appear to be con- 
stant. 

Guillot-fils, 1862. Raised from 
General Jacqueminot. Ama- 
ranth-red. 

Pernet, 1867. Light pink, some- 
times shaded with rose ; large, 
or very large ; cupped form, 
very symmetrical, with- 
out fragrance ; the wood is 
short - jointed, thick, light 
green, armed with occasional 
light-green thorns ; one of the 
hardiest, but does not propa- 
gate from cuttings. A very 
distinct, beautiful rose, free 
blooming, and greatly valued, 
both as an exhibition and a 
garden sort. 

Lacharme, 1865. From Blanche 
Lajitte X Sappho. White, edge 
of petals often tinged with 
pink ; small size, compact 
form. 

Liabaud, 1871. Bright red, large, 
very full; often does not open 
well. 

V. Verdicr, 1854. Deep rose ; 
buds pretty, and quite well 
mossed. 

Guillot-fils, 1871. Carmine-rose; 
large, highly-scented flowers. 

Desprez. (Sentout by Cochet,in 
1842.) Pure rose color, very 
large, ver}-^ full, flat form ; a 
free bloomer, fragrant, very 
hardy. The shoots are stout 
and stiff. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



207 



Name of Variety, and p 
Habit of Growth. '-^^ss. 



9S. Barthelemy Le- 
vel, mod. 

gg. Beaut6 de 
I'Europe, vig. 

100. Beauty of Gla- 

zenwood- 
loi. Beauty of 

Green mount, 

vig. 
102. Beauty of Sta- 

pleford, mod 




103. Beauty of 
Waltham, free. 



104. Belle Ameri- 
caine, mod. 

105. Belle F 1 e u r 
d'Anjou, mod. 

106. Belle Lyon- 
naise, vig. 



107. Belle Macon- 
naise, free. 

108. Belle N or- 
mande, free. 

ICQ. Bennett's 
Seedling, vig. 

no. Benjamin 
Drouet, free. 



H.T. 



H.R. 



H.R. 

T. 
Cl.T. 

T. 
H.R. 

A. 
H.R. 



Levet, 1878. Bright rose. 

Gonod, 1881. Gloire de Dijon 
type. Deep yellow ; reverse 
of petals coppery yellow. 

See Fortune's Yellow. 

Pentland, 1S54. Rosy-red. 



Bennett, 1879. Raised from Al- 
ba Rosea X Cotaitess of Oxford. 
Red, tinged with violet, large, 
well formed, prettily shaped 
buds, without fragrance ; the 
color is not pleasing, too soon 
becoming muddy. Very sub- 
ject to mildew. 

W. Paul, 1862. Ros3'-crimson, 
medium, or large size, fragrant; 
it has the habit of throwing out 
side-shoots from nearly every 
eye. This is still a sort to 
commend. 

Daniel Boll (New York), 1837. 
Deep pink, double, small, well 
formed, 

Touvais, 1872. Silvery - rose, 
large ; rather good. 

Levet, 1869. Raised from Gloire 
de Dijon. Pale, lemon-yellow ; 
less productive than the par- 
ent. A fine sort. 

Ducher, 1870. Pale salmon- 
rose. 

Oger, 1864. A sport from La 
Reine. Silvery-rose. 

Bennett. Pure white, small, 
double. 

E. Verdier, 1878. Red, shaded 
with purple. 



208 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



III. Bernard Pa- 

lissey, free. 



112. Bertlie Baron, 
free. 

113. Bessie John- 
son, mod. 

114. Bignonia.mod. 

115. Black Prince, 
free. 



116. Blanche de 
Beaulieu, free. 

117. Blanchefleur, 
free. 



Class. 



118. Blanche La- 
fitte, free. 

119. Blanche M o- 
reau. 

120. Blanch c Vi- 
bert. 

121. Blairii No. 2, 
vig. 



122. Boieldieu, vig. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R. 

T. 
H.R. 



H.R. 
Fr. 



B. 
P.M. 
Dam. 
H.Ch. 

H.R. 



Margottin, 1863. Red, medium 
size, very full, fragrant ; often 
comes ill formed, sometimes 
is very fine. 

Baron- Viellard, 1868. Raised 
from Jtdes Margottin. Deli- 
cate rose color. 

Curtis, 1872. A sport from Abel 
Grajid. Blush, high!)' scented. 

Levet, 1S72. Red. 

1866. Purchased and sent out 
by W. Paul. Dark crimson ; 
not considered a reliable sort, 
occasionally it is very fine. 

Margottin, 1851. Deep pink, 
large, loose flowers ; rather 
tender. 

Vibert, 1846. White, tinged with 
blush, medium size, flat, very 
full, highly scented. One of 
the earliest to blossom ; the 
flowers produced in great pro- 
fusion. A valuable garden 
rose. 

Pradel, 1851. Blush-white. 

Moreau-Robert, 1880. White, 
claimed to be a true remontant. 

Vibert, 183S. See Portland 
Blanche. 

Blair. Pink, large, double ; 
much esteemed in England as 
a Pillar rose. We do not 
value it highly for this climate. 

Gar9on, 1877. (Sent out by Mar- 
gottin-fils.) Belongs to Ba- 
romte Prcvost type. Cherry- 
red, very large and full, flat 
form ; will probably supersede 
Madame Boll. This is more 
productive, has slimmer wood. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



J09 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth 




127. Boule d' Or. 
dvvf. or mod. 

128. Bouquet d'Or, 
vig. 

129. Bouton d'Or, 
mod. 

130. Brennus, vig. 



131. Brightness of 
Cheshunt. 



123. Bon Silene.l T. 
free. 



124. Boug^re, free. 



125. Boule de Nan-| Fr 
teuil, mod. or 
free. 

126. Boule d e 
Neige, free. 



H.N. 
T. 



N. 

T. 

H.Ch, 

H.R. 



smaller foliage, stouter thorns 
than Madame Boll. The lat- 
ter sort has live leaflets onl)% 
this has commonly seven ; re- 
membering this, it is easy to 
distinguish between them. 

Hardy, 1839. Deep salmon- 
rose, illumined with carmine, 
medium size, semi-double, 
highly scented, very free flow- 
ering. This is only desirable 
in the bud state ; for many 
years it has been a leading 
kind for forcing; the English 
florists have not yet discover- 
ed its value. 

1832. Bronzed pink, large and 
full, thick petals; one of the 
hardiest. An old variety, yet 
one of the most desirable. 

Crimson-purple, fades easily ; 
worthless. 

Lacharme, 1S67. White, small, 
very full ; does not root from 
cuttings. 

Margottin, i860. Deep yellow, 
large, very full ; does not open 
well. 

Ducher, 1872. Yellow, with cop- 
pery centre, large, full. 

Guillot-fils, 1866. Orange yel- 
low, medium size. 

Lalfay, 1830. Deep red, shaded 
with violet. We now have al- 
most the same shade in Ches- 
Jnmt Hybrid, a more useful 
sort. 

G. Paul, 1881. Belongs io Duke 
of Edinbiirgh type. Vivid red, 
medium size. 



210 



THE KOSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




132. Cabbage. 

133. Camille Ber- 
nardin, free or 
vig. 



134. Cainoens. 

135. Canary, dwf. 



136. Cannes La Co- 
quette, mod. 



137. Captain Chris- 
ty, mod. or dwf. 



138. Captain John 
Ingram, free. 

139. Captain La- 
mure, mod. 

140. Cardinal Pa 
trizzi, mod. j 

141. Carl C oe r s ,' 

vig. I 

142. Caroline, mod.' 



H.R. 



H.T. 
T. 

H.T. 
H.T. 



M. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 
T. 



then the flowers 
never very pro- 



See Centifolia. 

Gautreau, 1865. Raised from 
General Jacqiie7ninot. Light 
crimson, medium size, semi- 
cupped form, fragrant ; does 
not bloom until late in the 
season, and 
fade easily : 
ductive. 

Schwartz, 1881. Pale rose, base 
of petals yellow. 

Guillot-pere, 1852. Canary yel- 
low, beautiful little buds, deli- 
cate habit. 

Nabonnand, 1877. Raised from 
La France. Salmon, with a 
shade of red. Much behind 
the parent in value. 

Lacharme, 1873. Raised from 
Victor Verdier X Safrano. 
Delicate flesh color, deepen- 
ing in shade towards the cen- 
tre, medium size, sometimes 
large, full ; the foliage when 
young somewhat resembles 
Mahonia leaves. Ill-shaped 
flowers are not uncommon, 
but it is a most lovely sort 
when in perfection. 

Laffay, 1856. Purple-crimson, 
color non-permanent ; dark, 
small foliage, in five leaflets. 

Levet, 1870. Dark red, tingeJ 
with violet. 

Trouillard, 1857. Giant of Bat- 
tles type. Crimson, with a 
tinge of purple. 

Granger, 1865. Purple-red. 

Rosy-flesh, deeper toward cen- 
tre ; prettily formed buds. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



211 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit ok Growth. 



143. C a r o 1 i n e 
Cook, mod. 



144. Caroline de 
Sansal, vig. 



145. Caroline Mar 
niesse, free. 

146. Caroline 
Schmitt. 

147. CatherineBell, 
free. 

148. CatherineGuil- 
lot. 

149. CatharineMer- 
met, mod. or 
free. 



150. Catherine Sou 
pert, mod. 

151. Celine, dwf. 

152. Celine Fores- 
tier, vig. 



Class. 



T. 



H.R. 



N. 

N. 

H.Cl. 

B. 
T. 



H.R. 

M, 

N. 



A. Cook, 1871. Raised from 
Safiano. Apricot - yellow, 
with a shade of rose ; not a 
valuable sort. 

Desprez, 1849. (Sent out by 
Hippol)te Jamain.) Flesh 
color, deepening towards the 
centre; large, full flowers, flat 
form, often indented ; subject 
to mildew; very hardy. An 
unreliable sort, but beautiful 
when in perfection ; generally 
it is of better quality in Sep- 
tember than in June. 

Roeser, 1848. Creamy white, 
small and full ; seven leaflets, 
nearly hardy. 

Schmitt, i88t. Raised from Sol- 
faterre. Salmon-yellow, chang- 
ing to pale yellow. 

Bell & Son, 1877. Rose color, 
large, loose flowers ; very 
poor. 

Guillot fils, 1861. Raised from 
Louise Odicr. Rose color. 

Guillot fils, 1S69. Flesh color, 
with the same silvery lustre 
seen in La France ; large, full, 
well formed ; not very produc- 
tive, yet not a shy bloomer ; 
very beautiful in the bud ; 
when the flowers expand ihey 
exhale a delightful perfume. 
The finest of all the Teas. 

Lacharme, 1879. Rosy-peach; 
distinct. 

Robert, 1855 Crimson-purple. 

Trouillard, i860. Pale yellow, 
deepening toward the centre; 
the hardiest of the Tea-scented 
section. 



212 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



153. Cels-Muhiflo- 
ra, mod. 

154. C e n t i fol i a, 
free. {Cabbage 
or Co m m n 
P7wence.) 

155. C e n t i f o 1 i a 
Cristata, free. 

156. Centifolia Ro- 
sea, mod. 



157. Charles Baltet. 




Dam. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



158. Charles Dar- H.R. 
win, free. 



159. Charles Du- 
val. 

160. Charles Fon- 
taine. 

161. Charles Getz, 
vig. 

162. Charles Law- 
son, vig. 

163. Charles Le- 
febvre, free. 

{Marguerite Bras- 
sac. ) 



H.R. 

H.R. 

B. 

H.Ch 

H.R. 



Cels, 1838. Flesh color, very 

free-blooming. 
Rose color, large, full, globular, 

fragrant. A very desirable 

garden variet}'. 

Vibert, 1827. Large, pink flow- 
ers, not crested, fragrant and 
good. 

Touvais, 1863. Bright rose, cir- 
cular, shell form ; light green 
wood, with numerous red 
thorns ; foliage crimpled. 

E. Verdier, 1877. Carmine-red, 
medium size, full, fragrant. 

Laxton, 1879. (Sent out by G. 
Paul.; Raised from Madame 
Julie Daran. Brownish crim- 
son, with a shade of violet, 
very beautiful and distinct ; 
mildews easily. 

E. Verdier, 1877. Red, medium 
size. 

Fontaine, 1868. Crimson, fra- 
grant, 

A. Cook, 1S71. Rosy-pink, me- 
dium size, full, fragrant ; shy 
in autumn. 

1853. Light rose color, large, 
full, fragrant ; 5 leaflets ; use- 
ful for pillars. 

Lacharme, 1861. Claimed to 
ha^-e been raised from Geiiei-al 
Jacqueminot X Victor Verdier. 
Reddish-crimson, sometimes 
with a shide of purple, very 
velvety and rich, but fading 
quickly ; large, full, thick pet- 
als, beautifully formed. Tliere 
are a few thorns of light red ; 
the wood and foliage are of 



CATALOGUE OF VAKIETIE.S, 



213 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



164. Charles Mar- 
gottin, mod. 



165. Charles Rou- 
illard. 

166. Charles Ro- 
volli, free. 



167. Charles T u r - 
ner, free. 



168. Charles Ver- 
dier, dwf. 




H.R. 



H.R. 
T. 

H.R. 



H.R. 



169. Chened o 1 I c ,; H.Ch. 
via;. 

170. Cheshunt Hy- H.T. 
brid, vig. 



light reddish-green. A splen- 
did rose. 

Margottin, 1865. A seedling of 
Jtiles Margoilb/. Fiery-red, 
shaded with crimson ; large, 
full flowers ; retains the color 
well ; smooth, reddish wood, 
armed with occasional red 
spines ; foliage slightly crim- 
pled. An excellent, distinct 
rose, quite unlike the parent 
in habit. It doubtless comes 
from a natural cross of some 
dark sort like Charles Lefebvre 
on Jules Margoltin. 

E. Verdier, 1865. Pale rose, 
well formed. 

Perner, 1875. Carmine-rose, not 
unlike Boji Sileiie, from which 
variety, so far as our observa- 
tion goes, it only differs to be 
inferior. 

Margottin, i86g. Crimson-ver- 
milion, large, full flowers, flat 
iorm,xt?,Qmh\\ngGeneralWash- 
ington ; wood armed with nu- 
merous dark red thorns. A 
shy bloomer. 

Guillot-pere, 1866. A seedling 
of Victor Veiilier. Pink, with 
a tinge of salmon ; globular, 
full flowers ; thorns dark- 
red. A bad one to open, and 
fades very soon. 

Bright red, large, double ; shoots 
very spiny, 5 to 7 leaflets. 

G. Paul, 1873. Believed to be a 
natural cross from Madame de 
Tart as X Prince Cam ilk de 
Rohan. Red, shaded with vio- 
let ; large, full, slightly fra- 



214 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




171. Christian 
Puttner, dwf. 

172. Christine Nils- 
son, free. 

173. Claire Carnot, 
vig. 

174. Clara Sylvain, 
mod. 

( La dy Wa rreu der. ) 

175. Claude Be r - 
nard, mod. 



176. Claude Levet 

177. C 1 e m e n c c 
Raoux, vig. 



178. Clement Na- 
bonnand, free. 

179. Climbing Cap- 
tain Christy. 



180. Climbing Bes 
sie Johnson 
vig. 

181. Climbing 
Charles Lefeb 
vre, free. 

1S2. Climbing 
C o u n t e s s of 
Oxford, free. 



H.Ch. 
H.R. 

N. 

Beng. 
H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 



HXl. 

H.Cl. 
H.Cl. 
H.Cl. 



grant; very distinct. A good 

rose, free in the Spring, but 

sh)' in autumn. 
Oger, 1861. Deep violet-rose ; 

an impure shade. 
Leveque, 1867. Rose color. In 

the wa}' of iM ad a vie Botitin. 
Guillot-fils, 1S73. Pale yellow, 

somewhat in the way of Celine 

Fores tier, but more Iragrant. 
Madame Pean. White, strongly 

infused with Tea blood. 

Liabaud, 1878 Raised from 
Jtiles Alargottin, Rose color ; 
little fragrance ; not a desira- 
ble sort. 

Levet, 1872. Velvety-red, fra- 
grant. 

Granger, 1868. (Sent out by 
Charles Lee.) A washed-out 
pink ; large, fragrant flowers, 
quartered shape ; worthless. 

Nabonnand, 1877. Light yellow, 
shaded with rosy-salmon ; not 
valuable. 

Ducher & Soeur, i88r. Flowers 
are like the old variety, from 
which it is a sport, but the 
shoots arc more slender and 
longer. 

G. Paul, 1878, A sport from 
Bessie Johnson. Like the par- 
ent, except more vigorous. 

Cranston, 1876. Not any stronger 
in growth than the original. 

Smith, 1875. Of no value. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



215 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth 



183 Climbing 
Devonie n s i s, 
vig. 




184. 



185. 



Climbing Ed- 
ward Morren, 
vig. 

Climbing 
Jules Margot- 
tin, vig. 



186. 



187. 



Climbing 
Madame Victor 
Verdier. 

Climbing 
Mademoiselle 
Eugenie V e r- 
dier, free. 



188. Climbing 
Victor Verdier, 
free. 

189. Cloth of Gold, 
vig. 

{Chfomatelia.) 



190. Clothilde. 

191. Clothilde Hol- 
land. 

192. Col. de Rouge- 
mont, mod. 



H.Cl. 



H.Cl 



HCI 



H.Cl 



S. J. Pavitt, 1858. (Sent out by 
Henry Curtis.) A sport from 
Devonieusis. This seems to 
us as productive as the old 
sort, and its extra vigor of 
growth is an advantage. 

G. Paul, 1879. A sport, likely 
to make a very useful pillar 
rose. 

Cranston, 1875. A sport from 
Jules Margottin. Flowers are 
the same as in the old sort, 
except being a little smaller, 
and for this reason it is finer 
in the bud state. The best of 
all the climbing sports ; high- 
ly commended as a useful pil- 
lar rose. 

Cranston, 1877. A humbug. 



G. Paul, 1877. " Light rosy- 
salmon ; like all these climb- 
ing sports the flowers become 
smaller, and are produced 
more freely than the type." 

H.Cl. G Paul, 1871. Flowers some- 
what smaller and less freely 
produced than in the old sort. 
N. Coquereau, 1843. Raised from 
Lamarque. Deep yellow cen- 
tre, with sulphur edges ; large, 
full flowers. A grand rose, 
but ditficult to grow well. 
Rolland, 1867. Creamy-white, 
centre rosy-salmon. 

H.R. Rolland, 1867. Cherry-rose. 



H.R. 



Lacharme, 1853. Of the Baro/ifte 
Provost type. Light rose. 



216 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Gkowtii 



193. Colonel de 
Sansal, mod. 

194. Cornice d e 
Seine et-Marne, 
mod. 

195. Cornice d e 
T a r n - e t - Ga- 
ronne, mod. 

196. Common Moss 
free. 

{Old Moss.) 



197. Comte A. de 
Germiny. 

198. Comte d'Eu. 



199. Comte de 
Fiandres. 



200. Comte deOri- 
vel. 

201. Comte d e 
Mortemart, 
free. 

202. Comte deNan- 
teuil, vig. 



203. Comte de Paris, 
mod. or dwf. 

204. Comte dcSem 
bui, mod. 




B. 
M. 



H.R. 
B. 

H.R. 

T. 
H.R. 

H.Ch, 

T. 
T. 



Jamain, 1874. Carmine-red. 

Pradel, 1842. Deep red, shaded 
with violet. 

Pradel, 1852. Carmine - red, 
well formed. 

Pale rose, very beautiful in the 
bud. Difficult to propagate 
from cuttings. None others 
in the class except Crt-s ^ed Sind 
Gracilis, can rank with this in 
quality. 

Leveque, 1881, Raised from 
J ides M argot tin. Bright rose. 

Lacharme, 1844. Raised from 
Gloire des Rosomones. Bright, 
rosy crimson. 

Leveque, i88t. Raised from 
Madame Victor Verdier. " Red- 
dish-purple, velvety, illumin- 
ed with carmine." 

Levet, 1871. Raised from Cana- 
ry. Pale yellow. 

Margottin-fils, 1880. Rose color, 
very fragrant ; smooth, pale- 
green wood. 

Quetier, 1852. Light rose, large, 
full flowers, sometimes with 
green centre ; not unlike Che- 
ne'dolle, 

Madame Pean, 1844. Flesh 
color, large flowers. 

Madame Ducher, 1874. Salmon 
and rose, the base of petals 
coppery yellow ; large, full 
flowers, often malformed. A 
grand rose when well grown, 
but too unreliable. 



CATALOGUE OF VAllIETrES. 



217 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth 



205. C o m t e d e 
Tliun - Hohen- 
stein. 

206. Comte Taver- 
na, mod. 

207. Comtesse Ce 
cile de Chabril- 
lant, mod. 



208. Comtesse de 
Barba n t a n e , 
free. 

209. Comtesse de 
Camondo. 

210. Comtesse de 
Caserta. 

211. Comtesse de 
Choiseuil. 

212. Comtesse de 
Labarthe, free. 

213. Comtesse de 
Ludre. 

214. Comtesse de 
Murinais, vig. 

215. Comtesse de 
Nadaillac,mod. 



216. Comtesse de 
Segur. 

217. Comtesse de 
Serenye, mod. 




II. R. 

T. 
H.R. 



B. 

H.R. 

T. 

H.R. 



H.R. 
M. 
T. 

Prov. 
H.R. 



Leveque, 1880. 
son. 



Reddish-crim- 



Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow. 

Marest, 1859. Satiny-pink, nev- 
er above medium size, full, 
fragrant ; of perfect, globular 
form ; numerous dark thorns 
of small size ; foliage dark and 
tough. A lovely lose. 

Guillot-pere, 1858. Raised from 
Louise Odier. Blush, shaded 
with rose. 

Leveque, 1880. Red, shaded. 

Nabonnand, 1877. Coppery-red. 

Mottheau, 1878. Cherry -red, 

shaded with crimson, in the 

style of Marie Rady. 
Bernede, 1857. Pink, shaded 

with carmine-rose ; pretty in 

the bud. 
E. Verdier, 1879. Carmine-red. 

Vibert, 1843. White, tinged with 
flesh ; not inclined to mildew. 

Guillot-fils, 1871. Coppery-yel- 
low, illumined with carmine- 
rose ; large, full, distinct and 
effective ; highly esteemed. 

V. Verdier, 1848. Buff-white. 

Lacharme, 1874. Said to be 
raised from La Reine, but it 
shows more of the Jules Mar- 
gottin characteristics. Silvery- 
pink, often mottled ; a full, 
finely shaped, globular flower. 



218 



THE HOSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth 



2i8. Comtesse 
H e n r i e t t e 

Combes. 

219. Comtesse Na- 
thalie deKleist. 

220, Comtesse Riza 
du Pare, free. 



221 



222 



!23 



Comtesse Ou 
varofF, free. 

Constantin 
Tretiakoff. 

Copper, mod. 



224. Coquette des 
Alpes, vlg. 



225. Coquette 
Blanches, 
or yig. 



des 
free 




H.R. 



H.R. 



T. 
H.R. 

A. 
H.N. 



H.N. 



of medium size, slightly fra- 
grant ; wood light green, foli- 
age darker, thorns red, seven 
leaflets. Not reliable about 
opening, but a very free 
bloomer, and well worthy a 
place in a small collection. 
One of the most distinct ; of 
great beauty when grown un- 
der ^ass. 
Schwartz, 1881. Bright satiny- 
rose. 

Soupert et Notting, 18S0. Cop- 
pery-rose, reverse of petals 
lake. 

Schwartz, 1876. Raised from 
Comtesse de Labarthe. Bronzed 
rose, with a carmine tint ; me- 
dium size, moderately full, 
highly perfumed. 

Margottin, 1861. Salmon-pink. 

Jamain, 1877. Cherry-red, large, 
double, without fragrance. 

Coppery-red, very striking shade, 
semi-double. 

Lacharme, 1867. Raised from 
Blanche LaJittey^Sappho. White, 
tinged with blush ; size, me- 
dium to large ; semi-cupped 
form, the wood is long, jointed. 
A very desirable white rose. 

Lacharme, 1872. Same parent- 
age as above. White, some- 
times tinged with blush ; of 
medium size, very full, some- 
what flat, but pretty ; growth 
bushy. An improvement on 
Baronne de Alaynard and Ala- 
daine Alfred de Rougemont. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



219 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



226. Coquette de 
Lyon, mod. 

227. Cornelie Koch, 
free. 

{Cornelia Cook.) 



22S. Countess of 
H ar ri ngton, 
free. 

229. Countess o f 
Oxford, mod 



230. Countess of 
R o s e b e r r y, 
mod. 

231. Couped'Hebe, 
vig. 

232. Cramoisi - Su- 
perieur, free. 
{Agrippina.) 

233. Crested Moss, 
free. {Ci'istata, 
or Crested Pro- 
vence^ 



234. Crimson Bed- 
der, dwf. 

235. CrimsonMoss, 
free. 



Class. 



T. 
T. 



Fr. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

H.Ch. 
Beng. 

M. 



H.R. 
M. 



Duclier, 1870. Pale yellow ; 
medium, or small size ; pretty 
in bud, and useful for bedding. 

A. Koch, 1855. Raised from De- 
voniensis. White, sometimes 
faintly tinged with pale yel- 
low ; very large, full ; not a 
free bloomer. This is quite 
apt to come with a green cen- 
tre, but it is a grand rose when 
well grown, excelling all other 
white Teas. 

Cup - shaped, white flowers, 
double, produced in abun- 
dance. 

Guillot-pere, 1869. Raised from 
Victor Verdier. Carmine-red, 
tinged" with lilac, fades quick- 
ly; flowers very large and full ; 
subject to mildew. 

R. B. Postans, 1879. (Sent out 
by Wm. Paul »& Son.) Belongs 
to the Victor Verdier type. 
Cherr)'-red. 

Laffay. Deep pink, medium, or 
large size, cup-form ; seven 
leaflets. A fine, distinct sort. 

Plantier, 1834. Rich, velvety 
crimson, double ; fine in the 
bud. A good bedding variety. 

Discovered on the wall of a con- 
vent near Fribourg, and sent 
out by Vibert, 1827. Deep, 
pink-colored buds, surround- 
ed with a mossy fringe and 
crest ; free from mildew. A 
fragrant, very beautiful rose. 

Cranston, 1874. Belongs to Giant 
of Battles iy^e. Crimson. 

Lee. Crimson, semi-double ; 
poor. 



220 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



. Crimson Per- 
petual. 

236. Crown Prince. 

237. David Pradel, 
mod. 

238. Dean of Wind- 
sor, mod. 

239. De la Griffer 
aie, vig. 



240. Delille, mod. 



241. De Luxem- 
bourg, mod. or 
free. 

242. DeMeauXjdwf. 

{Pompon.) 

243. Desprez, vig. 



244. Deuil de Paul 
Fontaine, vig. 

245. Devienne La- 
my, mod. 

246. Devoniensis, 

mod, or free, 



247. Diana. 



Class. 



H.R. 

T. 
H.R. 

Mult. 

P.M. 

M. 

M. 

N. 

M. 

H.R. 
T. 



H.R. 



See Rose du Roi. 

W. Paul & Son, 18S0. Reddish- 
crimson, tinged with purple. 

Pradel, 1851. Lilac-rose, large 
size. 

Turner, 1879. Vermilion, large, 
full flowers. 

1846. Lilac-rose. This variety 
makes a valuable stock on 
which to bud strong-growing 
kinds. 

Robert, 1852. Red, tinged with 
lilac, flat form, fragrant, not 
mossy. Of no value. 

Hardy. Crimson, not attractive. 



Found growing in a garden at 
Taunton, about 1S25. Pink 
color, small, full flowers. 

Desprez, 1838. Rose, blended 
with coppery yellow, highly 
scented. 

Fontaine, 1873. Red, shaded 
crimson, large, full ; not 
mossy ; worthless. 

Leveque, 1868. Carmine-red, 
well formed ; a good sort. 

Foster, 1S41. (Sent out by Lu- 
combe, Pince & Co. Raised 
from Yellow Tea. Creamy- 
white,centre sometimes tinged 
with blush, very large, almost 
full ; one of the most delight- 
fully scented. Either this or 
the climbing variety should 
be in every collection ; though 
neither are very productive. 

W. Paul, 1874. Deep pink. 



CATALOGUE OF VARlETIEvS. 



321 



Name of Vaktety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



248. D i n g e e-C o- 
nard, mod. 

249. Dr. A n dr y 
free. 




250. Doctor Arnal, 
dwf. 



251. DoctorBerthet 

252. DoctorChalus, 
free. 



254. Doctor Hogg, 
free. 

255. Doctor Hook- 
er, free. 

256. Doctor Kane, 
vig. or free. 

257. Doctor Marx, 
mod. 

258. Doctor Sewell, 



H.R. 

T. 
H.R. 



253. Doctor Henon, H.R. 
dwf. 



H.R. 
H.R. 

N. 

H.R. 
H.R. 



E Verdier, 1S75. Violet-crim- 
son, illumined with red, me- 
dium size, compact. 

E. Verdier, 1864. Rosy-crimson, 
large, semi-cupped flowers, 
double, sometimes full, fades 
badly ; foliage, large and 
glossy ; wood moderately 
smooth ; thorns, large and red. 
A better rose in England than 
in this country. 

Roeser, 1848. Red, shaded with 
crimson ; medium or small 
size ; a free bloomer, subject 
to mildew. 

Pernet, 1878. Pale rose, deeper 
in centre. 

Touvais, 1871. Vermilion, shad- 
ed with crimson ; large, dou- 
ble or full, fragrant ; a good 
seed-bearer. 

Lille, 1855 White, centre shad- 
ed, medium size, full ; often 
malformed, and subject to 
mildew. Belongs to the old 
Portland group. 

Laxton, 1880, (Sent out by 
George Paul.) Deep violet- 
red, medium size. 

G. Paul, 1S76. Raised from 
Duke of Edinbtirgh. Crimson, 
with a shade of velvety purple. 

Pentland, 1856. Sulphur-yellow, 
large, fine flowers ; difficult to 
grow well. 

LaflQiy, 1842. Red, tinged with 
violet ; a bad shade. 

Turner, 1879, Bright crimson, 
tinged with purple, large, full. 
A good rose. 



222 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




259. Double Mar- 
gined Hep, 
free. 

260. Douglass, free. 



261. Duarte d' Oli- 
veira, vig. 



262. Due d'Aumale, 
free. {Genei'al 
Due (T Autnale^ 

263. Due de Cazes. 
free. 

264. Due de Ma- 
genta, free. 

2<)5. Due de Mont 
pensier, free. 

266. Due de Rohan, 
free. 

267. Ducher, free. 

268. Duchesse de 
Cambac e r e s, 
vig. 

269. Duchesse de 
Caylus, mod. 

270. Duchesse de 
Chartres 

271. Duchesse d'ls- 
trie, mod. ! 

272. Duchesse de 
Morny, vig, i 

273. D uchesse 
d ' O r 1 e a n s , 
free. I 



Dam. 
Beng. 

N. 

H.R. 
H.R. 



H.R. 
H.R. 
Beng. 
H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 
M. 
H.Ch. 
H.R. 



White, tinged with 
form, full ; good. 



pink, fiat 



V. Verdier, 1848. Crimson, me- 
dium size, double, fine in the 
bud. A valuable variety for 
house culture. 

Brassac, 1S80. Raised from 
Ophirie X -A'tw d' Or. Salmon- 
rose, coppery at base, medium 
size, full. 

E. Verdier, 1875. Crimson ; a 
good sort, not unlike Maurice 
Bernardiu. 

Touvais, i860. Violet-crimson, 
not a pure shade ; double ; 
numerous stout thorns. 

Margottin, 1859. Flesh, shaded 
with fawn, thick petals, full. 
A large, good tea. 

Leveque, 1876. Red, shaded 
with crimson ; a good sort. 

Leveque, 1861. Vermilion, 
large, well formed. 

Ducher, 1869. Pure white, well 
formed. 

Fontaine, 1854. Lilac rose, im- 
pure color; double. ^ 



C. Verdier, 1864. 

large, double. 

E. Verdier, 1875. 



Rosy-crimson, 
Bright rose. 



Portemer, 1857. Rose color, not 
valuable. 

E. Verdier, 1863. Bright rose; 
erect growth ; mildew. 

Quetier, 1852. Blush, large, full ; 
often opens badly, and is sub- 
ject to mildew. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



323 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




274. Duchesse de 
Thuringe, free. 

275. Duchesse de 
Vallombr o sa, 
mod. 

276. Duchesse de 
Vallombrosa. 

277. Duchess of 
Connaught, 
dvvf. 



278. Duchess of 
Bedford, mod 



279. Duchess of 
Edinburgh, 
mod. 



B. 
H.R. 

T. 
H.T. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



280. Duchess ofBeng. 
E d i n b urgh, 
mod. 



281. Duchess ofjH, 
Norfolk, free. 



R. 



Guillot-pere, 1847. White, slight- 
ly tinged with lilac ; a free 
bloomer. 

Schwartz, 1875. Raised from 
Jules Maigottin. Pink, gen- 
erally opens badly ; not valu- 
able. 

Nabonnand, 1879. Coppery-red, 
distinct. 

Bennett. 1879. Raised from 
President X Duchesse de Vai- 
/omdrosa (H.R.) Silvery-rose ; 
of large, globular form ; full, 
highly scented. Resembles 
La France, but the flowers are 
more circular, the foliage larger 
and better. It retains its glob- 
ular form, the petals recurv- 
ing to a less extent; but La 
France is, notwithstanding, 
much the better sort. 

R. B. Postans, 1879. (Sent out 
by W. Paul & Son.) Belongs to 
the Victor Verdier type. Cherry- 
red ; not very promising, 

Dunand. 1874. (Given by the 
raiser to Schwartz, by him sold 
to Henry Bennett, who sent it 
out.) Belongs Xo Jules Mar- 
gottin type. Pink, not valua- 
ble. 

Nabonnand, 1874. (Sent out by 
Veitch) Raised from Souvenir 
du David d' Angers. A Bengal 
with Tea blood. Crimson, 
turning lighter as the bud ex- 
pands ; of good size, mode- 
rately full, 
Margottin, 1861. (Sent out by 
Wood.) Rosy-red, medium 



224 



THE ROS'E. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



2S2, 



283 



Duchess of 
Sutherland, vig. 

Duchess of 
Westmins te r , 
mod. or dwf. 



284. Duke of Al- 
bany. 

285. Duke of Con 
naught, mod. 



286. Duke of Con- 
naught, dwf. or 
mod. 



287. Duke of Edin- 
burgh, vig. 



Class. 



H.R. 
H.T. 



H.R. 
H.R. 



H.T. 



H.R. 



size,cup-shaped ; a shy bloom- 
er, and not valuable. 

Lafiay, 1840. Rosy-pink, large, 
full ; shy in autumn. 

Bennett, 1879. Raised from 
President X Marquise de Cas- 
tellune. Satiny-pink, shaded 
with rose, sometimes the color 
is carmine-rose ; large, full 
flowers, with a faint Tea odor. 
The flowers are apt to be irreg- 
ular and not of good finish, the 
buds are generally good. Sub- 
ject to mildew. 

W. Paul ^ Son, 1882. Crimson. 

G. Paul, 1875. Deep, velvety- 
crimson, with a fiery flush ; me- 
dium size, full, well formed ; 
burns badly, very shy in au- 
tumn. In England this is one 
of the finest dark roses ; we 
have seen it in grand form at 
the raiser's, but it has no val- 
ue for out-door culture in this 
country, 

Bennett, 1879. Raised from Pres- 
ident X Louis Van Hoiitte. 
Rosy-crimson, larg£, full, well 
formed, good in bud, almost 
without fragrance ; the buds 
do not always open. A fine 
rose when well grown, but it 
will never be useful for ordi- 
nary cultivators. 

G. Paul, 1868. Raised from 
General Jacquettiinot. Bright 
crimson, large, double flow- 
ers, little fragrance ; foliage 
large and attractive. Occa- 
sionally this is very fine early 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



225 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of (Jrowth. 




288. DukeofTeck 
vig. 



289. Duke of Well- 
ington, mod. 

290. D u m n a c u s, 
mod. 

291. Dupetit Thou- 
ars, vig. 



292. Dupuyjamain 
free. 



H.R. 



H.R. 
H.R. 

B. 
H.R. 



. Du Roi. 

293. Earl of Bea-I H.R. 
consfield, dvvf. 



294. Eclatante, free, 



295. EdmundWood, 
mod. 



M. 



H.R. 



in the season, but the flowers 
lack substance and durability 
of color. It is more shy in 
the autumn than the parent ; 
not to be commended for gen- 
eral culture. 

G. Paul, 1880. Raised from 
Duke of Edinburgh. Very 
bright crimson ; not well test- 
ed in this country ; we were 
much pleased with it as seen 
at Cheshunt. 

Granger, 1864. Red, shaded 
with crimson. 

Moreau-Robeit, 1880. Raised 
from Countess of Oxford. Car- 
mine-red. 

Portemer, 1844. Raised from 
Etnile Cotirtier. Deep re(], 
shaded with crimson ; liardy, 
non-autumnal. 

Jamain, 1868. Cherr)--rcd, with 
a shade of crimson ; large, 
double, well formed, fragrant ; 
a good seed-bearer. Were 
this more full, it would be a 
rose of the first rank. 

See Rose du Roi. 

Christy, 1880. (Sent out by G. 
Paul.) Cherry-rose, medium 
size, beautiful form. 

Cherry rose, buds of good form, 
well mossed ; darker than the 
Common or Prolific, one of the 
best. Why this rose has passed 
out of cultivation we do not 
know ; there are but three in 
the class as good. 

E. Verdier, 1875. Red, flower- 
ing in corymbs ; short, reddish 
wood. 



226 



THE K06E. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



296. Edward An- 
dre, free. 

297. Edward Des- 
fosses, free. 



298. Edward D u - 
four, free. 

299. Edward Jesse, 
free. 

3C0. Edward Mor- 
ren, vig. 



301. Edward Py 
naert, free. 



302. Egeria, dwf. or 
mod. 




303. Elie Morel, 
mod. 



[mod. 

304. Elise Fl o ry, 

305. Elise Sauvage, 
dwf. {L'enfan 
trotive. ) 



H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



Beng. 
T. 



E. Verdier, 1879. Red, tinged 
with purple. 

Rcnard-Courtier, 1840. Carmine- 
rose, medium size, double, or 
nearly full, fragrant. An ex- 
cellent rose. 

Leveque, 1877. Raised from 
Annie VVocd. Crimson, tinged 
with purple. 

Deep rose, small, double. 

Granger, 1868. (Sent out by 
Charles Lee.) Raised from 
Jziles Margottin. Deep cherry- 
rose, large, flat flowers, very 
full ; sometimes comes with a 
green centre. A fine sort 
when well grown. 

Schwartz, 1877. Raised from 
An'oine Ditcher. Red, shaded 
with crimson-purple, a bad 
color ; medium or small size, 
fragrant. 

Schwartz, 1878. (Sent out by 
Bennett.) Raised from JiiLs 
Margottin. Salmon-pink, a 
very lovely shade ; medium 
size, full, semi-globular; not 
of good constitution. For ex- 
perienced cultivators this is a 
superb sort. 

Boucharlat, 1867. (Sent out by 
Liabaud.) Lilac-rose, full, fra- 
grant ; green wood, with occa- 
sional red spines ; the charac- 
ter of its growih is not pleas- 
ing. Shy in autumn. 

Guillot-pee, 1852. Shaded rose. 

Miellez, 1S18. Orange-yellow, 
medium size, full. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



227 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




306. Elise Boelle, 
mod. or dvvf. 



307. Elizabeth Vig- 
neron, free. 



308. Emile C o u r 
tier, free. 

309. Emilia Plan 
tier, free. 



310. Emily H au s 
bourg, free. 



311. Emily Laxton 



312. Empereur de 
Maroc, mod. 



313. Empereur de 
Bresil. 

314. Empress of In- 
dia, free. 



H.N. 



H.R. 

B. 
H.N. 

H.Ch 

H.R. 

H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 



Guillot-pere, 1869. White, deli- 
cately tinged with pink, me- 
dium size, full, beautiful cir- 
cular form ; light green wood, 
armed with numerous small 
spines. A lovely rose. 

Vigneron, 1865. (Sent out by W. 
Paul.) Raised from Duchess 
of Sutherland.) Bright pink, 
fragrant ; an '\niQx\ox Miss Has- 
sard. 

Portemer. Bright red, a good 
seed-bearer. 

Schwartz, 1S78. Yellowish-white, 
semi-double, sometimes dou- 
ble, ill formed ; utterly worth- 
less. 

Leveque, 1S68. Lilac-rose, a 
muddy shade ; large, full, glob- 
ular form, fragrant. Its bad 
color destroys its usefulness. 

Laxton, 1877. (Sent out by G. 
Paul.) Belongs \o Jules Mar- 
gottin type. Cherry- rose, good 
in the bud. 

Guinoiseau, 1858. (Sent out by 
E. Verdier ) Belongs to Giant 
of Battles type. Crimson, 
tinged with purple. 

Soupert & Notting, 1880. Ma- 
genta-red. 

Laxton, 1S76. (Sent out by G. 
Paul.) Raised from Triouiphe 
des Beaux Arts. Brownish- 
crimson, medium size, globu- 
lar, fragrant ; dark green foli- 
age, spines light colored. 
Many of the buds do not open 
well, and it is shy in the au- 
tumn ; a splendid sort when 
perfect. 



228 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



315. Ernest Prince. 

316. Etienne Du- 
puy, vig. 



317. Etienne Levet 
mod. 

318. Etna, mod. 

319. E t o i 1 e d e 
Lyon. 

320. Eugene Ap 
pert, dwf. or 
mod. 



321. Eugene Beau- 
harnais, mod. 

322. Eugenie G u i - 
noiseau, mod. 




H.R. 
K.Ch, 

H.R. 

M. 

T. 

H.R. 



Beng, 
M. 



323. EugenePi- N 
rolle, vig. (/id- 
viiral Rigiiev. ) 

324. Eugenie Ver- H.R. 
dier, dwf. 



325. Eveque de 
Nimes, mod. 



326. Exposition de 
Brie. 

327. Fabvier. 



H.R. 

H.R. 

Beng 



Ducher & Soeur, iS8r. Raised 
from Antoiiie Ducher. Red, 
shaded in centre. 

Levet, 1873. Light rose color, 
medium size, cupped shape ; 
thick shoots, nearly smooth ; 
tough foliage. 

Levet, 1871. Raised from Victor 
Verdi er. Carmine-red ; one 
of the finest in ihe type. 

Laffay, 1845. Crimson, tinged 
with purple. Not of first rank. 

Guillot, 1881. Deep yellow; a 
rival for Perle des Jardins, 

Froui'lard, 1859. Belongs to 
Giant of Battles type. Velvet)'- 
maroon, shaded with deep 
crimson. A rose of superb 
color, but with all the family 
failings. 

Moreau, 1865. Crimson ; agood 
sort, but inferior to Agrippina. 

Guinoiseau, 1865. Red, shaded 
with violet ; very subject to 
mildew ; poor. 

Red, tinged with crimson ; near- 
ly hardy ; not of high qualit)'. 

Guillot-fils, 1869. Raised from 
Victor Ver dier. Silvery-pink, 
tinged with fawn ; a lovely 
shade ; fine in the bud. One 
of the best of the type. 

Damaizin, 1856. Raised from 
Giant of Battles. Crimson, il- 
lumined with fiery red ; very 
tender and delicate. 

Granger, 1865. The same as 
Alain ice Bernardin. 

LafFay. Rosy - crimson, semi- 
double. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



229 



Name of Variety, ano 
Habit of Growth. 



328. Felicien D a - 
vid. 

329. Felicite Pcr- 
petuelle, vig, 

330. Felix Genero. 

331. Fellem berg, 
vig. 

332. Ferd inand 
Chaffoke. 



333. Ferdinand de 
Lesseps, free. 

334, Firebrand, 
dvvf. 




337. Fla ve sc e n s, 
mod. {Vellozv 
Tea.) 



H.R. 

N. 

H.R. 



H.R. 
H.R. 



335. FisherHolmes, H.R. 
free. 



336. Flag o f th e 
Union. 



E. Verdier, 1872. Deep rose, 
tinged with purple. 

Jacques, 1828. Creamy-white, 
small, full. Must be sparing- 
ly pruned. 

Damaizin, 1866. Violet-rose. 

Rosy - crimson. Like Eitgene 
Pirolle. 

Pernet, 1879. Reddish-crimson, 
not well formed, without fra- 
grance ; does not seem an ad- 
dition of merit. 

E. Verdier, 1869. See Maurice 
Bernai'din. 

Labruyere, 1873. (Sent out by 
W. Paul.) Crimson, medium 
size, double, good, circular 
form, cup-shaped, fragrant; 
shy in autumn. Not unlike 
Avdj'J Leroy. 

E. Verdier, 1865. May be briefly 
described as an improved Gen- 
eral Jncqiienimot ; the flowers 
are luller and more freely pro- 
duced. A very valuable sort. 

Described by Hallock & Thorpe 
as "a sport from Bin Silene, 
being a fac-similc of the parent 
in habit of growth and free- 
dom of bloom ; the flowers are 
equal in size to Bon Silene. 
The markings are not quite so 
distinct as in Anicrican Ban- 
ner, i.e. the predominant color 
is rose instead of while, but 
each flower is regularly mark- 
ed ; it is a very pleasing va- 
riety." 

Introduced from China about 
1824. Light yellow, long, fine 
buds, fragrant. This has been 



230 



THE KOSE. 



Name of Varietv, and 
Habit of Ukowth. 




338. Flora Nabon 
nand, mod. 

339. Fon t e n e 1 1 e, 
mod. 

340. Font e n e I 1 e. 

341. Fortune!, vig. 

342. Fortune's Dou- 
ble Yellow, vig 

343. F r a n 5 o i s 
Arago, mod. 



344. F r a n 9 o i s 
Courtin, free. 



345. F r a n 9 o i s 
Fontaine, mod. 

346. F r a n 9 o i s 
Gaulain. 

347. F r a n 9 o i s 
Herincq. 

348. F r a n 9 o i. s 
Lacharme, free. 

349. F r a n 9 o i s 
Louvat. 

350. F r a n 9 o i s 
Levet. 

351. F r a n 9 o i s 
Michelon, free. 



T. 
M. 
H.R 
Bk. 
Bk. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 



the parent of many of our fin- 
est yellow Teas. 

Nabonnand, 1877. Canary-j^el- 
low, edged with rose. 

Vibert, 1849. Rose color, not 
mossy ; poor. 

Moreau-Robert, 1877. Carmine- 
red. 

Introduced by Fortune, from 
China, in 1850. Blush-white. 

Introduced by Fortune, from 
China, in 1845. Bronzed yel- 
low. 

Trouillard, 1859. Belongs to 
Giant of Battles tA'pe. Velvety- 
maroon, illumined with fiery 
red. Resembles Lord Raglan. 

E. Verdier, 1873. Cherry-red, 
shaded with crimson, semi- 
globular, full, somewhat fra- 
grant ; thorns yellowish red. 

C. Fontaine, 1867. Rosy-crim- 
son, fine, globular form, in the 
style of Senaleur Vaisse. 

Schwartz, 1878. Deep purplish 
crimson. 

E. Verdier, 1878. Red, globular 
form. 

V. Verdie-, 1861. Ros^^-car- 
mine, tinged with deep violet- 
red. 

Violet-red, globular form. 

A. Levet, 1880. Cherry-rose, 
medium size ; style of Paul 
Verdier. 

Levet, 1871. Raised from La 
Reine. Deep rose, tinged with 
lilac, very large, full, of fine,* 
globular form ; fragrant, free- 
blooming. The wood and 



CATALOGUE OK VARIETIES. 



231 



Name of Variety, and <-,, .^^, 
ABIT OF Growth. 




352. F r a n 9 o i s 
Premier, mod. 

353. F r a n 9 o i s 
Treyve. 

354. Gabriel Tour 
nier, free. 



355^ 



356. 



Gaston Le 

veque, free or 

mod. 

Gem o f the 

Prairies, free 



— General Due 
d'Aumale. 

357. General J a c • 
queminot, vig. 

358. General J a c - 
queminot, vig. 



359. General Simp- 
son, free. 

360. General Tar- 
tas, free. 



H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 



H.Ch. 
H.R. 



H.R. 
T. 



foliage are light-green, erect 
habit, thorns not numerous, 
wood long jointed, the foliage 
Fomewhat crimpled. A very 
distinct choice sort ; excel- 
ling in June and July, when 
other kinds are past their 
prime, and also in the au- 
tumn. 

Trouiliard, 1858. Red, shaded 
with crimson. 

Liabaud, 1866. Fiery-red, glob- 
ular form. 

Level, 1876. In habit like Pa^- 
onia. Rosy-red, large, glob- 
ular flov/ers, free in autumn, 

Leveque, 1878. Bright rosy- 
crimson, large, full ; spines of 
yellowish-green. 

A. Burgess, 1865. Believed to 
be from Queen of Taris X Ma- 
dame Laffay. Rosy-red. Oc- 
casionally blotched withwhiie; 
large, fiat flowers, slightly fra- 
grant. 

See Due d'Aumale, 

Laffay, 1846. Purple-crimson. 

Rouselet, 1853. ^ probable 
seedling from the old Hybrid 
China Gloiie des Rosomanes. 
Brilliant crimson, not full, but 
large and extremely effective; 
fragrant, and of excellent, 
hardy habit. 

Ducher, 1855. Cherry-rose me- 
dium size, pretty form ; erect 
growth, tender. 

Bernede. Deep, mottled rose, 
sometimes tinged with buff; 



232 



THE ROSE. 



Name of VARrRTV, and 
Habit of Growth. 



361. General Von 
MoltUe, mod. 



362. General Wash- 
ington, mod. 




H.R. 



H.R. 



363. Genie de Cha-' H.R. 
t ea u b r i and.j 

free or mod. I 

364. George Baker. H.R. 



365. George Mo- H.R. 
reau, vig. 



366. George Pea- 
body, mod. 



367. George Prince, 
free or vig. 



368. George thel H.Ch. 
Fourth, vig. | 

369. George VibertJ Prov. 
free. 



B. !J 



H.R. 



beautiful buds, good habit. 
An excellent rose. 
Bell & Son, 1873. Raised from 
Chalks Lefebvre. Same stjle 
as the parent, but much infe- 
rior to it. 
Granger, 1861, Raised from 
7> iomphe de L' Exposition. Red , 
shaded with crimson, large, 
very full, flat form ; the flow- 
ers are often mallormed, great- 
ly lessening its value. A pro- 
fuse bloomer, and when in 
perfection, a very fine sort^. 

Oudin. Violet-rose, very large, 
full, flat, or quartered shape. 
A had colored rose. 

G. Paul, 1881. "Pure lake, 
shaded with cerise, almost 
mildew proof; in the way of 
Dupuy Javiain, but distinct." 

jMoreau-Robert, 18S0. Raised 
from Paul A' cy von. Bright red, 
shaded wiih vermilion, very 
large, full, opening well. 

Pentland, 1857. Piobably 
ixovci Paul Joseph. Rosy-crim- 
son, medium or small size, 
full, well foimed, fragrant. 
One of the best Bourbons, 
hiiihly commended. 

V. Verdier, 1864. Rosy-crimson, 
quite smooth wood ; a free 
blooming, excellent rose. 

Rivers. Cr mson, semi-double 
or double ; no longer of any 
value. 

Robert, 1853. Rosy -purple, 
striped with white, medium 
size. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



233 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Gkowth. 



370. Gerard D e s 
bois, vig. 

371. Giant of Bat- 
tles, dwf. 




372. Gigantesque, 
free. 



373. Gloire de Bor- 
deaux, vig. 

374. Gloire d e 
B o u r g - 1 a • 
Reine, mod. 

375. Gloire d e 
Dijon, vig. 



376. Gloire de Du- 
cher, vig. 



. Gloire de Pa 

ris. 

377. Gloire des Ro- 

somaiies, free. 
37S. Gloire de San 



H.R. 



CI.T. 



H.R. 



CI.T. 



H.R. 

H.R. 

B. 
H.R. 



Bright red, of good form ; one of 
the hardiest, and most useful 
in the class. 

Nerard,i846. Sent out by Guil- 
lot-pere. Deep, tiery crimson, 
veiy brilliant and rich when 
first opening, but quickly 
fades, medium or small size, 
full, well formed, handsome, 
Bourbon-like foliage, very lia 
ble to mildevv. This variety 
and all of its type are of del- 
icate constitution. 

Odier, 1845. Deep rose, some- 
times mottled ; often fine, but 
apt to come malformed or 
somewhat coarse. 

Lartoy, 1861. Raised from Gloire 
de Dijon. Rose color, tinged 
with fawn. 

Margottin, 1879. Vivid red, dou- 
ble. 

Jacotot, 1853. In color a com- 
bination of rose, salmon and 
3'ellow : flowers very large, 
very full, good globular form, 
the outer petals inclined to 
fade. A very useful rose, prob- 
ably the hardiest of the Teas. 

Ducher, 1864. Crimson-purple, 
large, very full, subject to mil- 
dew. If the color were perma- 
nent, thiswouldbeagood kind. 

'a deceit. Sent out as a new 
sort ; it is but Anne de Dies- 
bach. 

Vibert. Brilliant crimson, semi- 
double. 

Ducher, 1859. Raised from Gen^ 



234 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




tenaj% free or 
mod, 

379. Gloire de Vi 
try, free. 

380. Glory of Ches. 
hunt, vig. 

381. Glory of Moss- 
es, mod. 



382. Glory of Wal- 
tham. 

383. Goubault, free 
or mod. 



H.R. 
H.R. 

M. 

H.Cl. 
T. 



384. Gracilis, free.j M. 
{Froiijic.) I 



385. Great Western, H.Ch. 
free. 

386. Greville, vig. Mult. 
{Seven Si:ters.) 



3S7., GuillaumeGil-' H.R. 
lemont. 

388. Gustave Thicr- H.R. 
ry. I 

389. Harrison Weir,' H.R. 
free or mod. 



390. Harrison's 
Yellow, free. 



eral Jacquejuinot. Crimson, 
tinged with violet ; out of 
date. 
Masson, 1855. Raised from La 
Reiite. Bright rose. 

G. Paul, 18S0. Raised from 
Charles Lefebvre. Rich crim- 
son, double, very effeciive. 
Vibert, 1852. Pale rose, very 
large, full, flat form; not at- 
tractive in the bud ; the foli- 
age is very large. 

Vigneron, 1865. (Sent out by 
W. Paul.) Crimson, double, 
fragrant. 

Goubault, 1843. Rose, tinged 
with salmon ; resembles Bo)i 
Silhie, but inferior to it. 

Deep pink buds, surrounded 
with delicate, fringe-like moss. 
The most beautiful of all the 
moss roses. 

Laflfay. Red, shaded with crim- 
son, double, fragrant ; poor. 

Blush, tinged and striped with 
various shades, small or me- 
dium size ; a tender variety of 
no value. 

Schwartz, 18S0. Raised from 
JMadaine Charles Wood. Ros}'- 
carmine. 

Oger, 1S80. Cherry-red. 

Turner, 1879. Raised from 
Charles Lefebvre X Xavier 
Oliho. Velvety crimson, bright- 
ened with scarlet. 

Harrison, 1830, Golden yellow, 
medium size, semi-double; 
generally has nine leaflets, a 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



235 



Name of Variety, anu 
Habit of Growth. 



391. Helen Paul. 



392. Helvetia. 

393. Henri Lecoq, 
dwf. 

394. Henri L e d e- 
chaux, dwf. 

395. Henri Martin. 

396. Henry Bennett, 

mod. 



Class. 



398. Hippolyte Ja- 
main, mod. 



399. Homer, vig. 



H.R. 

T. 

T. 

H.R. 

M. 
H.R. 



397. Hermosa,mod.j B. 

{A rm s a, or 
Setina.) 



H.R. 



freer bloomer than Persian 
YellouK This is believed to 
be a hybrid between the com- 
mon Austrian and a Scotch 
rose. 

Lacharme, 1881. Raised from 
Victor Verdier X Sonibreuil. 
White, sometimes shaded witli 
pink ; large globular tlowers. 

Ducher, 1S73. Pink, tinged with 
fawn. 

Ducher, 1871. Rosy-flesh, small, 
beautiful buds ; delicate habit. 

Ledechaux, 1868. Belongs to 
Victor Verdier type. Carmine- 
rose. 

Portemer, 1862. Red, not valu- 
able. 

Lacharme, 1875. Raised from 
Chailes Lefebvre. Crimson, 
medium size, mildews, and 
burns badly ; shy in autumn, 
and of no value. 

Marcheseau, 1840. Bright rose, 
medium or small size, double ; 
constantly in flower, bushy 
habit. 

Lacharme, 1874. Belongs to 
Victor Vei'dier Xy\)e. Carmine- 
red, well built flowers ; the 
foliage when young has a 
deeper shade of red than is 
seen in any other soit, and is 
also the handsomest. We find 
this the hardiest of the type. 

Moreau-Robert, 1859. Salmon- 
rose, often richly mottled ; a 
free bloomer, m ode rately 
hardy, best in the open air ; 
the buds are very beautiful, 



236 



THE HOSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




400. Hon. George 
Bancroft, dwf. 
or mod. 



401. Horace Vernet, 
dwf. or mod. 



402. H o r t e n s i a, 
free. 

403. H y m e n e e, 
mod. 

404. Ida, mod. 

405. Impe ra t r i c e 
Eugenie, free. 



406. Innocen te 
Pirola, mod. 



even though of variable shades. 
Certainly one of the most use- 
ful tea roses. 

H.T. Benneit, 1879. From Madame 
de St. yoseph X Loi'd Macau- 
lay. Red, shaded with violet- 
crimson, large, full flowers, 
and good, pointed buds ; of- 
ten conies malformed ; highly 
scented, a combination of the 
perfumes found in the parent 
varieties ; the wood is nearly 
smooth, the foliage is large, 
dark, and handsome. The 
color is not deep enough, and 
is too sullied to make this of 
value for winter-forcing. 

H.R. Guillot-fils, 1866. Crimson, il- 
lumined with scarlet, large, 
double ; of beautiful wavy 
outline ; nearly smooth wood, 
of delicate constitution. Few 
roses have such love y form as 
this. 
Ducher, 1871. Rose color, back 
of petals a washed-out pink ; 
a coarse, poor sort. 
T. Laffay. Pale sulphur-yellow, 

large, full. 
T. Madame Ducher, 1875. Pale 
I yellow, double. 

Beng Beluze, 1855. Silvery-rose, me- 
dium size, full, fragrant ; a 
good variety, and would be 
very useful had we not La 
France. Subject to mildew ; 
shows Bourbon character. 
Madame Ducher, 1878. Clouded 
white, medium size, full, well- 
formed buds. In the style of 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



237 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Gkowtii. 




407. Isabella (Bella), 
mod. or Iree- 

40S, Isabella Gray, 
free. 



409. Isabella 
Sprunt, free. 



[free. 

410. Jacques Lafitie, 

411. James Sprunt, 
vig. 



412. James Veitch, 
dwf. 



Jaune Desprez. 
413. Jaune d'Or, 
dwf. 



414. Jean B o d i n, 
free. 

415. Jean Brosse, 
mod. 



T. 

N. 



H.R. 
Beng. 



P.M. 



N. 
T. 



M. 
H.R. 



Niphetos, but is inferior to it 
in all respects save mere vigor 
of growth. 

Cels, 183S. Creamy-white ; once 
a popular sort. 

Andrew Gray, 1S54. Raised from 
Cloth of Gokr. Golden yellow ; 
has the good and bad qualities 
of the parent. 

Rev. James M. Sprunt, D.D., 
1865. (Sent out by Isaac 
Buchanan.) A sport from 
Snfrano. Sulphur yellow, very 
beautiful in the bud. Well 
known as one of the most use- 
ful kinds. 

Vibert, 1846. Rosy-crimson. 

Rev. James Sprunt, 1S58. (Sent 
out by P. Henderson.) A 
climbing sport from A grip- 
pina. Crimson, the same color 
as the parent sort, but the flow- 
ers are fuller and larger. It is 
not so free flowering as Agrip- 
pina, but a desirable rose. 

E. Verdier, 1865. Violet-crim- 
son, a sullied color, medium 
or large size, poor shape ; 
blooms freely, very subject to 
mildew. 

See Desprez. 

Oger, 1864. Coppery-yellow, 
medium size, full, very deli- 
cate habit. One of the sweet- 
est in the class. 

Vibert, 1847. Light rose, quar- 
tered shape, fragrant, not 
mossy. 

Ducher, 1867. Rose color, me- 
dium size, cup form. 



238 



THE HOSE. 



Name of Variety, and, p, .cc 
Habit of Growth. 



416. Jean Cherpin, 
free. 



417. Jean Dalmais, 
mod. 

418. Jean Ducher, 
free or mod. 



H.R. 



H.R. 
T. 



419. Jean Goujon, H.Ch, 
vig. 



420. Jean Hardy. 



421. Jean Lambert, 

vig. 

422. Jean Liabaud, 
free. 



423. Jean Lorthois, 
free or vig. 

424. Jean Monford, 

vig. 

425. Jean Pernet, 
free. 



426. Jean S i s 1 ey, 
mod. 



N. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

T. 
M. 
T. 

H.T. 



Liabaud, 1865. Plum color, 
double, often semi-double, in- 
clined to burn ; fragrant and 
a fine seed parent. One of the 
richest shades of color yet 
produced. 

Ducher, 1873. Rose, tinged wiih 
violet, globular, fragrant. 

Madame Ducher, 1874. Bronzed- 
rose, large, very full, globular 
form ; not to be depended on, 
but very beautiful when well 
grown. 

Margottin, 1862. Red, large or 
very large, full, neatly smooth 
wood ; of second quality. 

Hardy, 1859. Golden yellow, 
medium size, full ; an inferior 
Isabella Gray. 

E. Verdier, 1866. Deep red, 
very large, full, flat form. 

Liabaud, 1875. A seedling from 
Baron de Boustelten, Crimson- 
maroon, illumined with scar- 
let, large, full ; a lovely rose, 
but sh)' in the autumn. 

Madame Ducher, 1879. Rose, 
reverse of the petals silvery 
pink. 

Robert, 1852. Rose color, quite 
pretty in bud, subject to mil- 
dew, not free. 

Pernet, 1867. Light yellow, 
sufiused with salmon, beauti- 
ful buds ; a fine tea, but is 
now surpassed by Perle des 
Jar dins. 

Bennett, 1879. Raised from 
President X Emily Hamburgh. 
Lilac-rose, large, very full, 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



239 



Name of Varietv, and 
Habit of Growth 



427. Jean Sou pert, 
mod. or free. 



428. Jeanne d'Arc, 
vig. 

429. Joasine Hanet 
vig. 



430. John Bright, 
mod. 

431. John Cranston. 

432. John Hopper, 
free. 



433. John Keynes, 

free. 
434 John Saul, free. 



435- John Stuart 
Mill, free. 



Class. 



H.R. 

N. 
H.R. 



H.R. 

M. 

H.R. 



H.R. 
H.R 

H.R. 



without fragrance ; very sub- 
ject to mildew. The color is 
bad, and the buds rarely open 
well ; it is entirely wortlilcss. 

Lacharme, 1975. Crimson-ma- 
roon, in the way of Jean Lia- 
bajid ; dark green foliage, with 
many thorns ; not free in the 
autumn. 

V. Verdier, 1848. White, an in- 
ferior Laniarqite. 

Belongs to the old Portland 
group. Deep rose, tinged 
with violet, medium size, full, 
quartered shape ; fragrant, 
very hardy, a profuse bloomer. 
The color and form are bad, 
and destroy its usefulness. 

G. Paul, 1878. Bright crimson, 
medium size. 

E. Verdier, 1862. Violet-red, 
medium size. 

Ward, 1862. From Jules Mar- 
gottiny, MadameVidot, Bright 
rose, with carmine centre, 
large and full, semi-globular ; 
light red thorns, stout bushy 
growth. A free blooming, 
standard sort. 

E. Verdier, 1S65. Red, shaded 
with maroon. 

Madame Ducher, 187S. Raised 
from Antoine Ditcher. Red, 
back of the petals carmine, 
semi-globular. 

Turner, 1875. Raised from 
Beauty of Walthatn. Rosy- 
crimson, large, full, ordouble; 
does not bloom until late ; shy 
in the autumn. 



2-10 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



436. Joseph Bernac- 
chi, vig. 

437. Jules Chretien, 
mod. 

438. Jules Chretien, 
tree. 

439. Jules Finger, 
tree. 



440. Jules Jurgen- 
sen, 

441. Jules M argot- 
tin, free. 



442. Julie Mansais, 
mod. 

443. Julie Touvais, 
mod. 

444 Julius Finger, 
mod. 



445. King of the 
Prairies, vig. 

446. King's Acre, 

447. La Brillante, 
mod. 



448. La Fontaine, 
free. 




H.R. 
T. 

B. 
H.R. 



T. 
H.R. 

H.T. 



P. 

H.R. 
H.R. 



H.Ch 



Madame Ducher, 1878. Yel- 
lowish-white, pale jellow at 
centre. 

Schwartz, 1878. Belongs to the 
Prince Cainille type. Crimson, 
tinged with purple. 

Damaizin, 1870. Bright rose ; 
not valuable. 

Madame Ducher, 1879. From 
Cathe)ine Merniet X Madame 
de Tarias. Red, with a silvery 
lustre ; a promising sort. 

Schwartz, 1879, Magenta-rose. 

Margottin, 1853. Probably from 
La Reine. Carmine rose, large, 
full, somewhat fiat, slight fra- 
grance ; five to seven leaflets, 
foliage light green, and some- 
what crimpled ; wood armed 
with dark red thorns ; free 
flowering and hardy. 

Creamy-white, sweet scented, 
beautiful ; delicate in habit. 

Touvais, 1868. Satiny-pink, very 
large, full ; fine, but unreli- 
able, 

Lacharme, 1879. From Victor 
Verdier X Sombretcil. Salmon- 
pink, in the style of Captain 
Christy ; a promising sort. 

Feast, 1S43. Pale rose. 

Cranston, 1864, Vermilion, 
V. Verdier, 1862. Bright crim- 
son, a clear shade, large, 
double, fragrant ; a free bloom- 
er. 
Guinoisseau, 1855. Red tinged 
with violet. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



241 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



449. La France, 
mod. 




450. La Grandeur, 
free or vig. 

451. La Jonquille. 
mod. 



452. La Lune, mod. 



453. La Motte San- 
guin, mod. 

454. La Nuancee, 
mod. 

455. La Princessc 
Vera, free. 



456. La Reine, free 
or vig. 



457. La R o si6 r e, 
free. 



T. 
T. 



H.R. 
T. 
T. 

H.R. 



H.R. 



Guillot-fils, 1S67. From seed 
of a Tea rose. Silvery-rose, 
changing to pink, very large, 
full, globuLtr ; a most con- 
stant bloomer, aud the sweet- 
est of all roses. If the buas 
remain firm, by pressing gently 
the point and blowing into the 
centre, the flowers will, al- 
most invariably, expand. An 
invaluable sort. 

Nabonnand, 1877. Violet-rose, 
very large, full. 

Ducher, 187 1. Rai?ed from Za- 
marqiie. Jonquil-yellow, semi- 
double, sometimes single; me- 
dium or small size. 

Nabonnand, 1S78. Creamy-yel- 
low, deeper colored in centre, 
medium size, large petals, 
semi-double, 

Vigneron, 1869. Carmine-red, 
large or very large. 

Guillot-fils, 1875. Blush, tinged 
with fawn, medium size, full. 

Nabonnand, 1878. Flesh, bor- 
dered with coppery-rose, full, 
well formed ; a distinct good 
sort. 

Laffay, 1843. Glossy-rose, large, 
full, semi-globular form, some- 
what fragrant ; the foliage 
slightl)^ crimplcd, five to seven 
leaflets. A very hardy, useful 
rose, though no longer the 
queen. 

Damaizin, 1874. Belongs to the 
Prince Camille type. Crimson, 
the flowers are identical in 
color and form with Prmce 



242 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Varietv, and! 
Habit of Growth. | 



Class. 



458. La Saumonee, 
vig. 



459. LaSouveraine, 
vig. 

460. La Sylphide, 
free. 

461. La T u 1 i p e, 
mod. 

462. La Ville de 
Bruxelles, free. 

463. Lady Emily 
Peel, mod. or 
free. 

464. Lady Ford- 
wick, free. 

465. Lady Sheffield. 

466. Lady Stuart, 
I free. 

467. Lady Warren- 
der. 

468. Laelia. 

469 Lamarque, vig. 



H.Cl. 

H.R. 

T. 
T. 

Dam. 
H.N. 

H.Ch. 
H.R. 
H.Ch. 

Beng. 
H.R. 

N. 



Camille, but seem a little fuller, 
and are more freely produced, 
the habit of growth, too, seems 
somewhat stronger ; it may 
usurp the place of its rival. 

Margottin, 1877. Belongs to the 
Jttles Margottin iy^e. Salmon- 
rose, medium size ; non-au- 
tumnal. 

E. Verdier, 1874. Rose color, 
large flowers, semi-double or 
double, cupped form ; inferior. 

LafFay. Blush, with fawn centre, 
ver)' large, double. 

Diicher, 1870. Creamy- white, 
tinted with carmine, semi- 
double. 

Vibert, 1836. Rose color, large, 
full, flat ; branching habit. 

Lacharme, 1862. From Blanche 
Lafitte X Sappho. White, ting- 
ed with blush. 

Laifay, 1838. Deep rose, cup- 
shaped. 

W. Paul & Son,.i88i. Cherry- 
red. 

Portemer, 1852. Pink, changing 
to blush ; five to seven-leaf- 
lets. 

See Clara Sylvain. 



See Louise Pey- 
White, with 



Crozy, 1857. 
ronny. 

Marechal, 1830. 
sulphur centre, sometimes 
pure white, very large, full, 
somewhat fragrant, generally 
seven leaflets. A superb 
climbing rose, quite too much 
neglected. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



243 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth, 



470. Lamarque a 
Heurs jaunes, 
free. 

471. Laneii. 



472. L' E bl o u i s- 
sante, mod. 

473. L'Esperance, 
free. 

474. L'Enfant du 
Mont-Carmel, 
vig. 



475. Le Havre, 

mod. 
476 Le Mont Blanc, 

mod. 



477. Le Nankin, 
mod. or dwf. 



478. Le P a c t o 1 e, 
dwf. or mod. 

479. Le Rhone, free 
or mod. 



480. Leda. {Paintea 
Damask). 

481. Leon Renault, 
free or vig. 




N. 
M. 

H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 
T. 



T. 
H.R. 

Dam. 
H.R. 



Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow, me- 
dium size, in the style of the 
former sort, but inferior in all 
respects. 

LafTay, 1S54. (Sent out by Lane 
& Son.) Red, good foliage, 
with five leaflets ; not subject 
to mildew. Propagates with 
great difficulty from cuttings. 

Touvais, 1861. Rosy-crimson, 
very large, double. 

Fontaine, 1S71. Cherry-red, 
large, full, flat form, fragrant. 

Cherpin, 1851. (Sent out by 
Ducher.) Violet-rose, a muddy 
shade, large, full, flat form, 
fragrant, red spines ; inclined 
to mildew. 

Eude, 1871. Vermilion, beauti- 
fully formed. 

Ducher, 1869. Pale lemon-yel- 
low, growing lighter as the 
flowers expand ; good in the 
bud. 

Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow, 
shaded coppery-} ellow, pretty 
in the bud slate ; rather deli- 
cate habit. 

Madame Pean. From Lamarque 
X Yellow Tea. Very pale yel- 
low, beautiful buds. 

Guillot-fils, 1862. Raised from 
General Jacqtieminot. Ver- 
milion, tinged with crimson, 
large, well formed. 

Blush, edged with lake. 

Madame Ledechaux, 1 87S. 
Cherry-red, very large, full ; 
promises well. 



244 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth 



482. Leopold Haus- 
burgh, free. 

483. Le'opold Pre- 
mier, free. 



484. Le tty Coles, 
free. 

485. Leveson Gow- 
er, mod. 



486. Lion des Com- 
bats, free or 
mod. 

487. Little Gem. 
dvvf. 

488. Lord Beacons- 
field. 

489. Lord Clyde, 
mod. 

490. Lord Macau- 
lay, free or 
mod. 



491. Lord Palmers- 
ton, free. 



492. Lord Raglan, 

mod. 




T. 
B. 

H.R. 

M. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

H.R. 

H.R. 



H.R. 



Granger, 1863. Belongs to Jac- 
queminot lype. Deep violet- 
red, a bad color. 

Vanassche, 1863. Belongs to 
Jacqueminot type. Deep red 
shaded crimson, thorns not 
vt-ry numerous ; a good sort 
but not free in the autumn. 

Keynes, 1876. A spoit from 
Madame WilleiDioz. "White, 
wiih pink centre. 

Beluze, 1846. Deep rose, tinged 
with salmon, the flowers are 
of the same character as Mal- 
maison. 

Lartay, 185 i. Violet-rose, 
double, subject to mildew ; 
worthless. 

W. Paul, 1880. Crimson, very 
small, full ; a miniature sort. 

Schwartz, 1878. (Sent out by 
Bennett.) Ciimson, large, well 
formed. 

G. Paul, 1863. 
large, double ; 
dew. 

1863. (Sent out by W. Paul.) 
Fiery-crimson, much the color 
seen in Charles Lefebvre, large, 
double, well formed, fragrant ; 
this is still a good rose. 

Margottin, 1858. Carmine-red, 
tinned with vermilion, double, 
well formed ; bushy habit, 
light gr(en wood and foliage, 
a few ligh'-colored spines. 
A good garden rose. 

Guillot-pere, 1854. Raised from 
Giant of Battles. Burgundy 
crimson, a lovely shade ; ten- 
der and shy in autumn. 



Rosy-crimson, 
subject to mil- 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



245 



Namr of Variety, and 
Habit of Gkowih 



493, Louis XIV., 
dwf. 



494. Louis Barlet. 
free. 

495. Louis Chaix, 
dwf. 

496. Louis D o r e , 
mod. or free. 

497. Louis Phil- 
ippe, mod. 

498. Louis Rich- 
ard, free. 

499. Louis Van 
Houtte, free. 

500. Louis Van 
Houtte, dwf. or 
mod. 




501. Lo u i s d'Ar- 
zens, mod. or 
free. 

502. Louise de Sa- 
voie, Mod. 

503. Louise OJier, 
vig. 

504. Louise Pey- 
ronny, mod. 
{Lalia.) 



H.R 



T. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

Beng. 
T. 

H.R. 

H.R. 



H.N. 

T. 

B. 
H.R. 



Guillot-fils, 1859. Raised from 
General Jacqueminot. Ricli 
crimson, double ; a beautiful 
shade. 

Madame Ducher, 1875. Pale 
yellow, tinged with fawn. 

Lacharme, 1857. Raised from 
Giant of Battles. Crimson. 

Fontaine, 1878. Red, large, 
full ; little or no fragrance, 
bushy growth. 

Crimson ; an inferior Agrip- 
pina. 

Madame Ducher, 1877. Cop- 
pery rose, the centre some- 
times deep red. 

Granger, 1863. Red, tinged 
with crimson, reddish thorns ; 
not of first quality. 

Lacharme, i86g. Said to be from 
Charles Lefebvre. Crimson- 
maroon, medium size, some- 
times large, full, semiglobu- 
lar form ; large foliage, fewer 
thorns than most other dark 
roses, highly perfumed. This is 
a tender sort, but it is very free 
blooming, and decidedly the 
finest crimson yet sent out. 

Lacharme, 1861, White tinged 
with blush ; superseded by 
Coquette des Blanches. 

Ducher, 1855. Pale yellow, 
beautiful buds ; much like Le 
Pactole. 

Margottin, 1851. Bright rose, 
medium size, full, well formed, 
hardy. 

Lacharmo, 1851. Raised from 
La Reine. Silvery rose. 



240 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



505. Lyonnaise, 
mod. 




507. Mabel Morri- 
son, mod. 



508. M m e . Ade- 
laide Cote. 

509. Mme. Alboni, 
dwf. 



510. Mme. Alexan- 
d r e Bernaix, 
mod. 



511. Mme. Alfred 
Carriere, free 
or vigr. 



H.R. 



506. Ma Capucine, T. 
dwf. 



H.R. 



H.R. 
M. 

H.T. 

H.N. 



Lacharme, 1871. Belongs to the 
Victor Ve7'dier{y\)e. Pink, with 
deeper centre, fades quickly; 
a coarse, inferior sort. 

Levet, 1871. Raised from the 
Noisette Ophirie. Nasturtium 
yellow, beautiful buds; a very 
distinct rose, which, from its 
delicate habit, is useless for 
ordinary cultivators to attempt 
growing. 

Broughton, 1878. (Sent out by 
Bennett.) A sport from Bar- 
oness Rothschild. Flesh white, 
changing to pure while, in the 
autumn it is sometimes tinged 
with pink ; semi-double, cup- 
shaped flowers. In all, save 
substance of petal and color, 
this variety is identical with 
the parent ; though not so full 
as we would like, it is yet a 
very useful garden rose, and 
occasionally it is good enough 
for exhibition. 

Schmitt, 1881. " Reddish-crim- 
son, in the style of Cardinal 
Patrizzi." 

V. Verdier, 1850. Pink, very 
large, ver)'^ full, flat ; much 
like Glory of Mosses, and, like 
that kind, too full to be pretty 
in the bud state. 

Guillot-fils, 1877. Salmon-rose, 
petals sometimes edged with 
blush ; has true Tea odor, 
though not strong. A prom- 
ising variety. 

Schwartz, 1879. White, not free 
blooming, undesirable. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



247 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Gkowth. 



512. Mme. Alfred 
de Rougemont, 
mod. 

513. Mme. Alice 
Dureau, free. 



514. Mme. Al- 
phonse Laval- 
lee, mod. 

515. Mme. A ma- 
dieu. 

516. Mme. Amelie 
Baltet. 

517. Mme. Andre 
Leroy, vig. 

518. Mme. Angele 
Jacquicr, tree 
or mod. 



519. Mme. Anna de 
BesobrasofF, 
mod. 

520. Mme. Anna de 
Besob rasoff, 
free. 

521. Mme. Auguste 
Perrin, mod. 



522. Mme. Azelie 
Imbert, free. 

523. Mme. Barillet 
Deschnmps. 

524. Mme. Barihel- 
emy Levet. 

525. Mme. Bel- 




H.N 



H.R. 

H.R. 

T. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

T. 



H.R. 
H.R. 
H.N. 

T. 

T. 

T. 

H.N. 



Satiny-rose, 
Salmon-rose, 
Bright rose, 



Lacbarme, 1S62. Raised from 
Blanche Lafitte X Sappho. 
White, tinged with pink ; sur- 
passed by Coqiietkdcs Blanches. 

Vigneron, 1868. Belongs to 
La Reine type. Rose color ; 
much like the parent, but more 
shy in the autumn. 

E. Verdier, 1878. Carmine-red, 
in the style of Aljred Colonib ; 
a promising variety. 

Pernet. 18S0. Bright rose, dou- 
ble, large. 

E. Verdier, 1S78. 
well formed. 

Trouillard, 1S65. 
large, double. 

Guillot-fils, 1S79. 

base of petals coppery yellow ; 
a good deal the build of Cath- 
erine Meimet. I am well 
pleased with the appearance 
of this kind. 

Nabonnand, 1877. Flesh color, 
the centre shaded with rose, 
medium size. 

Gonod, 1877. Raised from 
Charles Lefibvre. Deep red, 
shaded with purple. 

Schwartz, 1S78. Mottled pink, 
small or medium size, well 
formed ; a new color in this 
class. We are most favorably 
impressed with it. 

Levet, 1870. Raised from Mme. 
Falcot. Pale yellow. 

Bernede, 1S55. W^hite, centre 
creamy-yellow. 

Levet, 1879. Canary-yellow, 
medium size. 

Guillot-pere, 1866. Belongs to 



248 



THE HOSE. 



Name of Varietv, and 
Habit of (jkowth. 



1 e n d e n Ker, 
mod. 
526. Mme. Berard, 
vig. 



527. Mme. Bern- 
ard, mod. 

528. Mme. Bernutz, 
free. 

529. Mme. Boll , 
vig. 



Class. 



530. Mme 
mod. 

531. Mine 
dwf. 

Mme 
mod. 



532. 



Boutin, 

Boulon, 

Bravy, 



533. 
534. 

535- 

536. 
537- 



or free. 
(A Iba Rosea, 
Mme. Serat.) 



Mme. B r e - 
mond, dwf. 

Mme. Bruel, 
mod. 

Mme. Bureau, 
mod. [free. 

Mme. Caillat, 

Mme. Camille, 
vig. 



Eliza Boe lie iy^Q.. White, cen- 
tre blu>h ; very beautiful. 

Cl.T. Levet, 1870. Raised from Gloire 
de Dijon. Very similar to the 
parent ; the flowers are some- 
what less full, of a fresher 
shade, and are better in the 
bud state. 
Levet, 1875. Raised from Mme. 
Falcol. Coppery-yellow, me- 
dium sized, distinct. 

H.R. Jamain, 1874. Satiny-rose, very 
large, full. 

H.R. Daniel Boll, 1859. (Sent out by 
B >yeau.) Belongs to Baroniie 
Pre'vost type. Car mine- rose ; 
a very effective garden sort ; 
very stout shoots, five leaflets 
only, there are seven in Boiel- 
dieii, a kindred variety. 
H.R. Jamain, 1861. Red, large, full ; 
a good garden rose. 

M. Deep rose, mildews badly ; re- 
sembles Oscar Le Clerc. 
Guillot, of Pont Cherin, 1848. 
(Sent out by Guillot of Lyons.) 
Cream5'-whi.e, large, full, of 
very symmetrical form and 
great fragrance ; one of the 
most beautiful and useful in 
the class. 
Guillot-fils, 1866. Violet-red. 

H.R. Levet, iSSi. Raised from Count- 
ess of Oxford. Carmine-rose. 
White, tinged with blush. 



Beng. 

H R. 
T. 



E. Verdier, 1861. Cherry-rose. 

Guillot-fils, 1871. Mushroom- 
color, large, coarse flowers ; 
not worthy of cultivation. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



249 



Name of Variety, and ^ 
Habit of Growth. '-lass. 




538. Mme. Cara-| P 
dori Allan, vig 

539. Mme. Caro. | T 

540. Mme. Caro-| N. 
line Kuster,, 
free. 

541. Mme. Celina] T. 
Noirey, vig. 



542. Mme. Charles! T. 
free. 

543. Mme. Charles' H.R. 
Crapeltft, vig. 



544. Mme. Charles H.R. 
Verdier, free or 

vig. 



545. Mme. Charles 
Wood, dwf. 



546. Mme. Chate, 
mod. 

547. Mme. C h e - 
dane Guinois- 
seau, free. 



H.R. 



H.R. 
T. 



548. Mme. Chirard. H.R. 



Bright pink, semi- 
Sal mon-yellow, 



Feast, 1843. 
double. 

Levet, 1880. 
medium size. 

Pernet, 1873. Pale yellow, often 
mottled with rose ; a free 
blooming.excellent shrub rose, 
one of the best bedding kinds. 

Guillot-fils, 1868. Salmon, the 
outer petals washed out pink, 
very large, very full ; a coarse 
flower, of dirty shade. 

Damaizin, 1864. Raised from 
Safrano. Apricot color; in 
the way of M/?ie. Falcot. 

Fontaine, 1859. Cherry-red, me- 
dium or large size, fragrant 
and good ; wood armed with 
numerous thorns. 

Lacharme, 1864. Belongs to the 
Ba7-ontie Pre'vost type. Rosy 
vermilion, very large, a free 
bloomer. 

E. Verdier, iS6r. Reddish crim- 
son, large or very large, nearly 
full ; one of the freest flower- 
ing kinds, but not of first 
quality. Occasionally, as with 
General Washington, some 
first-rate blooms are produced. 
Fontaine, 1871. Cherry-red. 

Leveque, 1880. Canary-yellow, 
thought to be a valuable variety 
for the buds ; probably in the 
style of Isabella Spmnt. 

Pernet, 1867. Rose, tinged with 
vermilion, full, peculiar rich 
scent ; bushy habit, shy in 
autumn, many malformed 
fl jwers. 



250 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




549. Mme. Clem 
ence J o i g 
neaux, vig. 

550. Mme. C 1 e r t, 
mod. 

551. Mme. Crosy, 
free or vig. 

552. Mme. Cusin. 

553. Mme. Damai- 
zin,free or vig. 

554. Mme. de La- 
boulaye, mod. 
or dvvf. 



555. Mme. de Rid- 
der, free or vig, 



556. Mme de St. 
Joseph, mod. 

557. Mme. de St. 
Fulgent, free. 



558. Mme. de Tar- 
tas, mod. 

559. Mme. de Va- 
try, free. 



H.R. 

H.R. 
11. R. 

T. 
T. 

H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R, 

T. 
T. 



560. Mme. Desire H.R. 
Giraud, vig. 



Liabaud, 1861. Rose, tinged 
with lilac, double, large flow- 
ers. 

Gonod, 1868. Salmon-rose. 

Levet, 1 88 1. Raised from Sou- 
venir de la Reine d'Angleterre. 
Rose color, very large. 

Guillot-fiis, i88r. Violet-rose, 
tinged with yellow, 

Damaizin, 1858. Creamy-white, 
shaded salmon, very large, 
double ; not well formed. 

Liabaud, 1877. Rosy-pink, some- 
what fragrant, bushy habit, 
long, rather small foliage, 
wood thickly covered with 
dark brown thorns ; not very 
promising. 

Margotiin, 1871. Red, shaded 
with violet-ciimson, large, 
full, fine globular form ; green 
wood and thorns. A distinct 
sort, fragrant and beautiful, 
but fades easily. 

Fawn, shaded salmon, large, 
full, highly scented ; not well 
formed. 

Gautreau, 1871. Raised from 
Catherine Guillot. Rosy- ver- 
milion tinged with lilac, large, 
globular ; well formed. 

Bernede. Rose color, double. 

Red, shaded with salmon, of 
good form, both in bud and 
flower, and well scented ; a 
very choice old sort. 

Madame Giraud, 1853. (Sent 
out by Van Houtte.) A sport 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



251 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth 



561. Mme, Devau- 
coux, free. 

562. Mme. Devert, 
mod. or dwf. 

563. Mme.Domage, 
free. 

564. Mme. Ducher, 
mod. 

565. Mme. Ducher, 
free. 

566. Mme. Edward 
Ory, mud. 



567. Mme, E 1 i s e 
Stchegoleif. 

568. Mme. Emilia 
Dupuy, free 

569. Mme, Etienne 
Level, dwf. 



570. Mme. Eugene 
Chambe y r a n, 
mod. 

571. Mme. Engine 
Verdier, free or 
mod. 

572. Mme. Falcot, 
mod. 



Class. 

T. 
H.R. 
H.R, 

II. R. 

T, 
P.M. 

T. 

T. 

H.T. 

H.R, 

H.R. 

T. 



from Bnroniie Prevost. Blush- 
white, striped with deep rose. 

Madame Ducher, 1S74. Canary- 
yellow, medium size. 

Pernet, 1876. Raised from Vic- 
tor Verdier'. Salmon- rose. 

Margotlin, 1853. Bright-rose, 
large, loose flowers, very thor- 
ny ; not valuable. 

Levet. 1879. Silvery-rose, me- 
dium size, double, 

Ducher, 1869. Creamy-yellow, 
medium size. 

Moreau-Robert, 1854. Carmine- 
red, of medium size, full ; one 
of the best in the class, which 
is not saying much for the 
class. 

Nabonnand, 1881. Clear rose, 
flowers said to be in the style 
of Niphctos. 

Levet, 1870. Salmon, some- 
times pale fawn, large, full ; 
not attractive. 

Levet, 187S. Cherry-red, some- 
limes having a coppery shade, 
small size, pretty in the bud ; 
slightly scented, agreeable 
odor. 

Gonod, 1878. Belongs to the 
Victor Verdier l)'pe. Rose, 
tinged with violet, sometimes 
salmon-rose. 

E. Verdier, 1S78. Belongs to 
La Reine type. Mottled rose, 
very large, full, globular ; a 
promising kind. 

Guillot fils, 185S. Raised from 
Safrano. Deep apricot ; re- 
sembles the parent, but is 



252 



THE HOSE. 



Name of Variety, and, p, .^-c 
Habit of Growth. 




573. M m e. Ferdi 
nand J a ni i n, 
mod. 

574. Mntie.Fortunee 
Besson. 

575. Mme.Fran9ois 
Janiii, dvvl. or 
mcd. 



576. Mme.Fran9ois 
Pittet, tnod. 

577. M ni e. F re e- 
man, mod. 

578. Mme. Fremi- 
on. mod. 

579. Mme. Gabriel 
Luizet, vig. 



550. Mme. Gall - 
lard, mod. 

551. Mme. George 
Schwartz, mod. 

582. Mme. Gustave 
Bonnet, free. 



583. Mme. Hardy, 
vis:. 



somewhat larger, more double, 
of deeper shade, less product- 
ive, and of weaker growth. 
H R. Ledechaux, 1875. Deep rose, 
cupped form, highly scented. 

H.R. Besson, 1881. Raised from Jules 
Margottin. Carmine-rose. 
T. Ledechaux, 1872. Orange yel- 
low, small size, buds of ex- 
quisite shape ; very distinct, 
both in color and its peculiar 
fragrance. 

H.N. Lacharme, 1877. Pure white, 
small. 

H.N. Guillot-p^re, 1862. White, tinged 
with pink. 

H.R. Margottin, 1S50. Cherry-red, 
cup-shaped, fragrant. 

H.R. Liabaud, 1878. Belongs to the 
Jules Margottin type. Pink, 
somewhat fragrant, long foli- 
age ; apromising kind, worthy 
of attention. 
T. Ducher, 1S70. Salmon-yellow, 
large, somewhat coarse. 

H.R. Schwartz, 1871. Belongs to the 
Victor Vei-dier Xy^^. Silvery- 
rose, fades badly and is coarse. 

H.N. Lacharme, i860. From Blanche 
Lajittey, Sappho. White, tinged 
with pink ; surpass(d by 
others of the class. 

Dam. I Hardy, 1832. White, large, very 
full, flit f)rm, ver)^ Iragrant ; 
sometimes comes with green 
centre, but very beautiful 
when in perfection. A diffi- 
cult sort to grow from cut- 
linffs. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



353 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




584. Mme. Hippo- 

lyte J amain, 

mod. 
5S5. Mme. Hippo- 

lyte J am a i n, 

free. 

586. Mme. Hoche, 
mod. or dwf. 

587. Mme. Hunne- 
belle, free. 

588. Mme. Isaac 
Pereire, free or 
vig. 

589. Mme. Jeanne 
Joubert, vig. 

590. Mme. Jolibois. 
mod. 

591. Mme. Joly, 

free. 



592. Mme. Joseph 
Halphen, mod 

593. Mme. Joseph 
Schwartz, free. 



594. Mme. J o h n 
Twombly, free. 

595. Mme. Jules 
Grevy. 

596. Mme. Jules 
M a r g o 1 1 i n, 
mod. 

597. Mme. Julie 
Daian, free. 



B. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

T. 
T. 

11. R. 

H.R. 

T. 

H.R. 



Gai9on, 1871. (Sent out by Ja- 
maiii.) White, tinged with 
rose, very large, full. 

Guillot-fils, 1869. White, tinged 
in the centre with yellow, 
large, full. 

Moreau-Robert, 1859. White, 
superseded by White Bath. 

Fontaine, 1873. Light rose, 
large, fragrant. 

Margottin-fils, 1880. Carmine- 
red, very large, full, free 
blooming. 

Margottin, 1877. Red, medium 
size, non-auiumnal. 

E. Verdier, 1S79. Silvery rose, 
medium size, full. 

Rose color, mtdium size, semi- 
cupped, fragrant, and well 
formed ; seems to be of Bour- 
bon origin. 

Margottin, 1859. Blush, me- 
dium size. 

Schwartz, 1880. From Comtesse 
de Labaj-the. Blush, the edge 
of petals tinged with car- 
mine. 

Schwartz, i8Sr. Vermilion-red, 
said to have some resemblance 
to Alfred Colojub. 

Schwartz, 18S1. From Triomphe 
de I Exposition X Madame tal- 
cot. Salmon-pink, 

Levet, 1871. Carmine pink, 
tinged with lilac, very fragrant; 
inclined to come in rough 
form. 

Touvais, 1S61. Violet-crimson, 
a fine color ; shy in the au- 
tumn. 



254 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth, 



598. 


Mme. Julie 
We id man. 


H.T. 


599- 


Mme. Knorr, 
dwf. 

Mme.de Roths- 
child. 


H.R. 


600. 


Mme. L a - 
charme, dwf. 


n.R. 



601. Mme. Laffay, 
free. 



602. Mme. La m- 
bard, vig. 



603. Mme. L a n- 
deau, mod. 

604. Mme. Laurent, 
vig. 

605. Mme. Leon de 
St. Jean, mod. 

606. M m e. Levet, 
vig. 



Class. 



H.R. 



P.M. 

H.R. 

T. 
Cl.T. 



iSoupert & Netting, iSSo. Sal- 
mon-rose. 

V. Verdier, 1855. Rose color, 
medium size, full, flat form, 
very sweet. 

See Baroness Rothschild. 

Lacharme, 1872. Claimed to 
have been raised from yules 
M argot tin y^So77ibreuil. White, 
tinged with pink, medium size, 
full or very full, globular ; 
does not open well, and is shy 
in the autumn. Of bushy 
growth, and quite hard3\ 

Laffay, 1839. Rose color, large, 
double, cupped form, red 
spines ; surpassed by many 
others of the same shade. 

Lacharme, 1877. Rosy-salmon, 
deepening toward the centre, 
the color is variable, some- 
times being a rosy flesh ; the 
flowers are large, very full, 
and good. This variety is 
not so refined as man)^ others, 
but is of excellent habit, free 
blooming qualities, and is to 
be considered one of our most 
useful Teas. 

Moreau - Robert, 1873. Red, 
medium size, full ; not valu- 
able. 

Granger, 1871. Cherry-red. 

Levet, 1875, Pale yellow, very 
fragrant, poor form. 

Levet, iS6g. Raised from Gloire 
de Dijon, Very much like the 
parent, but inferior to it. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



255 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



607. Mme. Lilien- 
thal. 

608. Mme. Loeben 
Sels, mod. 



609. M m e. Louis 
Caricques, vig. 

610. Mme. Louis 
Donadine, dwf. 
or mod. 

611. Mme. Louis 
Henry, vig. 

612. Mme. Louis 
Leveque, mod. 



613. Mme. Margot- 
tin, mod. 



614. Mme. Marie 
Bianchi. 



615. Mme. Marie 
Cirodde, mod. 

616. Mme. Marie 
Roederer. 

617. Mme. Marie 
Finger, dwf. 

618. Mme. Marthe 
d'Halloy. 




H.R. 
H.T. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

N. 
H.R. 



H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 



Liabaud, 1878. Bright rose, 
tinged with salmon. 

Soupert & Notting, 1879. Sil- 
very-white, shaded with rose, 
large, full, somewhat flat 
form. 

Fontaine, 1859. Rosy-crimson, 
double, free in autumn ; not 
of first quality. 

Gonod, 1877. A sport from 
Countess of Oxford. Nearly 
the shade of Eugenie Verdier. 

Mme. Ducher, 1879. Pale yel- 
low, fragrant ; in the way of 
SolfaterTe. 

Leveque, 1874. Belongs to the 
Jules Margottin type. Car- 
mine-rose, large, very full, 
somewhat flat form, slightly 
fragrant ; blooms late in the 
season, but is shy in the au- 
tumn. 

Guillot-fils, 1866. Citron-yellow, 
sometimes with coppery cen- 
tre, large, full, many mal- 
formed flowers, fine when per- 
fect. 

Guillot-fils, i88i. Raised fiom 
Victor Verdier X Virginal. 
Blush, tinged with lilac, fra- 
grant. 

C. Verdier, 1867. Salmon-pink. 

Leveque, 1881. Raised from 

Jules Margottin. Cherry-red. 
Rambaux, 1873, (Sent out by 

Lacharme.) Almost identical 

with Eugenie Verdier. 
Leveque, 1881. Raised from 

Madame Boutin. Cherry-red. 



256 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




6ig. Mme. Maurice 
Kuppenhei m, 
mod. 

620. Mme. Maurin, 
free. 

621. Mme. Maxime 
de la Rochete- 
rie. 

622. Mme. Melanie 
W i 1 1 e r m o z , 
free. 

623. Mme. Miolan 
Carvalho, free 
or vig. 

624. Mme. Montet. 

625. Mme. Moreau, 
mod. 

626. Mme. Moreau, 
mod. 

627. Mme.Nachury, 
vig. 



628. Mme. Noman, 
dwf. {Mademoi 
selle Bonnaire). 



629. Mme. Oswald 
de Kerch o ve, 
dwf. 



T. 

T. 

H.R. 

T. 

N. 

H.R. 
H.R. 
P.M. 
H.R. 

H.N. 



H.N. 



Madame Ducher, 1877. Pale 
yellow, shaded with apricot. 

Guillot pere, 1853. Creamy- 
white, large ; not very reli- 
able. 

T. Grange, 1880. (Sent out by 
Vigneron.) Raised from Vic- 
tor Verdier. Carmine-rose. 

Lacharme, 1845. Creamy-white, 
thick petals, large, full, little 
fragrance ; an excellent sort 
for out-of-door culture. 

Leveque, 1876. Raised from 
Chromatella. Sulphur yellow. 

Liabaud, 1880. Light pink, 
large petals. 

Gonod. Red, shaded with vio- 
let. 

Moreau- Robert, 1872. Red, 
large, full. 

Damaizin, 1873. Belongs to 
La Reine type. Deep rose 
color, fades easil)', flowers 
very large, rather loose, fra- 
grant. 

Guillot-pere, 1867. Raised from 
Madame Re'catnier, White, 
sometimes with shaded cen- 
tre, medium size, full, globu- 
lar ; foliage somewhat crim- 
pled, wood armed with quite 
numerous, small spines. A 
rose of exquisite beauty. 

Schwartz, 1879. From a seed- 
ling oiMme. Recamier X Mme, 
Falcot. White, tinged with 
fawn, promises to be an ad- 
dition of merit. It has all the 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



257 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



630. Mme. Pauline 
Labonte, free. 

631. Mme. Pierre 
Oger, vig. 



632. Mine.Plantier, 
free. 



633. Mme. Prosper 
Laugier, free. 

634. Mme. R e c a- 
mier, dwf. 



635. Mme. Rivers, 
mod. 

636. Mme. Rosalie 
de Wincop. 

637. Mme. Scipion 
Cochet, vig. 
Mme. Sertat. 

638. Mme. Sophie 
Fropot, vig. 




B. 



H.Ch, 



H.R. 
H.N. 



H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

T. 
H.R. 



characteristics of the Eliza 
Boe.Ue type. 

Pradel,i852. Salmon-rose, large, 
full, and good in the bud ; an 
excellent sort. 

Oger, 1878. (Sent out by C. 
Verdier.) A sport from Reine 
Victoria. Blush, the exterior 
of petals tinged with rosy 
lilac, cupped form, not a free 
bloomer. 

Plantier, 1835. Pure white, 
above medium size, full, flat 
form, seven leaflets, foliage 
rather small ; one of the best 
white roses for hedges and for 
massing. Early in the season 
the flowers are produced in 
great abundance. 

E. Verdier, 1875. Red, quartered 
shape, not fragrant, numerous 
red thorns; of second quality. 

Lacharme, 1853. Blush white, 
medium size, well formed. 
The origin of this rose is un- 
known ; probably it is the re- 
sult of a natural cross with 
some Noisette on a Bourbon. 

Guillot-pere, 1850. Blush ; a 
pretty sort, but of unhealthy 
habit and quite tender. 

Vigneron, 1881. Raised from 
General Jacqtieminot. Red, 
tinged with lilac. 

Cochet, 1 87 1. Cherry- rose. 

See Madame Bravy. 

Levet, 1876. Bright rose, nearly 
smooth wood ; a shy autumnal 
and not of first quality. 



258 



THE KOSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



639. Mme. Theve- 
not, free. 

640. Mme. Trifle, 
vig. 



641. Mme. Trotter, 
vig. 

642. Mme.Trudeau, 
free. 



Class. 



H R. 
Cl.T. 

H.Ch. 
H.R. 



H.R. 



643. Mme. Victor H.R. 
Verdier, mod. 
or free. 

644. M m e. Vidot, 
dvvf. 



645. Mme. Welche, 
mod. 



646. Mme. Zoet- 
man, mod. or 
free. 

Mademoiselle 
Annie Wood. 

647. Mile. Blanche 
Durschm i d t , 
free. 

648. Mile. Bon- 
naire, dwf. 



Dam. 

H.R. 
T. 

H.N. 



Jamain, 1877. Bright red, free 
blooming. 

Levet, 1869. Raised from Gloire 
de Dijon. Fawn and yellow ; 
resembles the parent, but in- 
ferior to it in value. 

Granger, 1855. Bright red, me- 
dium size,afree bloomer in the 
spring. 

Daniel Boll, 1850. Rose, tinged 
with lilac, medium size, well 
formed, free flowering, mil- 
dews badly. 

V. Verdier, 1863. Carmine- 
crimson, large, full, fine, glob- 
ular form, very fragrant; a su- 
perb rose. 

Couturier, 1854. (Sent out by E. 
Verdier.) Flesh color, full, 
well formed ; a beautiful rose 
of very delicate constitution. 

Madame Ducher, 1878. (Sent 
out by Bennett.) Raised from 
Devoniensis X Souvenir dun 
Avii. Pale yellow, the centre 
coppery -yellow, large and 
full ; a very distinct Tea, 

Delicate flesh, changing to 
white, large, very full, flat form, 
fragrant, five to seven leaflets ; 
a splendid white rose. 

See Annie Wood. 

Guillot-fils, 1877. Raised from 
Madame Falcot. Flesh color, 
semi-double, worthless. 

Pernet, 1859. Closely resembles 
Madame Noman, it is diflEcult 
to see any points of difference 
by which one may be distin- 
guished from the other. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



259 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




649. Mile. Brigitte 
Violet, mod. 



650. Mile. Cecile 
Berthod, dwf, 
or mod. 

651. Mile. Cecile 
Briinner, mod. 
or dwf. 



652. Mile. Emma 
Hall, mod. or 
free. 



653. Mile. Fer- 
nande de la 
Forest, mod. 

654. Mile, Julie 
Dymonier.dwf. 



655. Mile. Lazarine 
Poizeau, dwf. 
or mod. 

656. Mile. Margue- 
rite Dombrain, 
free. 

657. Mile. Marie 
Armand, mod. 



H.T. 



Pol. 



H.Ch, 



H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



Levet. 1878. Silvery-rose, slight- 
ly tinged with lilac ; not highly 
scented, but quite a pleasing 
sort. 

Guillot-fils, 1871. Sulphur-yel- 
low, medium size, pretty in the 
bud. 

Madame Ducher, 1880. Salmon- 
pink, deeper in the centre, 
very small, full, delicately 
scented ; an exquisite minia- 
ture rose for floral work, opera 
bouquets, etc. 

Liabaud, 1876. Raised from 
Souvenir de la Reine cT Angle- 
terre. Carmine-rose, medium 
size, semi-globular form, fra- 
grant ; there are seven leaflets 
of light green color, rather 
crimpled, the shoots are arm- 
ed with small spines of pale 
green. An excellent summer 
rose. 

Damaizin, 1872. Belongs to the 
Victor Verdier type. Rose 
color, somewhat in the way of 
Lyonnaise ; of no value. 

Gonod, 1879. Belongs to the 
Victor Verdier type. Salmon- 
pink, after the style of Marie 
Coiiitet. 

Levet, 1876. Orange-yellow, 
small size, very pretty in the 
bud ; closely resembles Ma- 
dame Francois Janin. 

E. Verdier, 1865. Belongs to 
La Reine type. Satiny-rose, 
a good sort. 

Levet, 1872. Canary-yellow, 
beautiful buds, well scented, 
delicate constitution. 



260 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




658. Mile. Marie 
Berton, vig. 



659. Mile. Marie 
Chauvet. 

660. Mile. Marie 
Cointet, dwf. 



661. Mile, Marie 
Gonod, free. 

662. Mile. Marie 
Rady, free. 



Cl.T. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



663. Mile. Rachel, 
dwf. 



Levet, 1875. Raised from Gloire 
de Dijon. Pale yellow, some- 
what fragrant, the most free 
flowering of all the seedlings 
from Gloii-e de Dijon; the flower 
stems are long and stout, the 
foliage large and lustrous. 
A magnificent yellow rose. 

Besson, 1881. Raised from 
Baroness Rothschild. Deep 
rose color. 

Guillot-fils, 1872. Belongs to 
the Victor Verdier type. Sal- 
mon-pink : a very beautiful 
sort when perfect, but most of 
the flowers are malformed, or 
open badly. 

Gonod, 1871. Rosy-blush. 

Fontaine, 1865. Vermilion-red 
shaded with crimson, large or 
very large, very full, of splen- 
did globular form, very fra- 
grant ; it has more vermilion 
than Alfred Colomb, making it 
somewhat lighter and more 
dull ; the shoots are armed 
with numerous red thorns, the 
foliage shows considerable 
lustre. There is no finer ex- 
hibition sort among the red 
roses, and were it as constant, 
it would be quite as valuable 
as Alfj'ed Colomb and Marie 
Batimann, varieties which bear 
it some considerable resem- 
blance. 

Beluze, 1841. White, pointed 
buds, somewhat in the style of 
Niphetos, but not equal in 
quality to that fine sort. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



261 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth 



664. Mile. Therese 
Levet, mod. 



665. Magna Charta, 
vig. 



666. Manetli Rose, 
vig. 



667. Marcelin Ro- 
da, mod. 

668. Marchioness 
of Exeter, 
free. 

66g. Marechal Fo- 
rey, vig. or free. 



670. Marechal Niel, 
vig. 




H.R. 



H.Ch. 



T. 



H.R. 



HR. 



N. 



Levet. 1866. Belongs to the 
yules Margottiniype. Salmon- 
rose, medium size, free bloom- 
ing. 

W. Paul, 1876. Pink, suffused 
with carmine, large or very 
large, full, globular ; foliage 
and wood light green, numer- 
ous, dark spines. A Iragrant, 
excellent variety. 

Violet-rose, small size, single, 
not productive ; this variety, 
since its introduction from 
Italy, is more used for a stock 
on which to bud choice sorts 
than any other kind. It has 
dark, brownish wood, and al- 
ways seven leaflets, sometimes 
nine ; there need be, therefore, 
no difficulty in distinguishing 
it from other kinds. 

Ducher, 1872. Yellowish-white, 
the centre light yellow ; a fairly 
good rose. 

Laxton, 1877. (Sent out by G. 
Paul.) A seedling from Jules 
Margottin. Cherrj'-rose, fra- 
grant. 

Margottin, 1863. Raised from 
Triofnphe de V Exposition. Red- 
dish-crimson, shy in the au- 
tumn. 

Pradel, 1S64. Supposed to be a 
seedling from Isabella Gray. 
Deep yellow, very large, very 
full, globular form, delight- 
fully fragrant, the finest of all 
yellow roses ; it is of delicate 
constitution, and requires very 
careful treatment to produce 
satisfactory results. It is only 



262 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth 



671. Marechal Rob 
ert, free. 



672. Marechal Vail 
lant, free. 



673 
674, 



Margu er i te 
Brassac. 

M arg ue ri t e 
de St. Amande, 
free. 



675. Marie Bau- 
mann, mod. 




H.R. 



H.R. 
H.R. 



H.R. 



adapted for culture under 
glass, and even then the inex- 
perienced would do better not 
to attempt its culture, but use 
in its stead Allle. Marie Ber- 
ton, Solfaten-e, or, for non- 
climbers, Perle des yardins. 

Madame Ducher, 1875. White, 
the centre shaded with flesh, 
large, or very large, full, in 
the style of Cornelia Cook ; a 
fine sort. 

Viennot, i86i. (Sent out by 
Jamain.) Crimson, large, full, 
well-formed, fragrant ; a fine 
rose, which, were it not for 
Maurice Bernardin, would be 
more useful. It is a valuable 
kind for large collections. 

Brassac, 1875. The same as 
diaries Lefebvre. 

Sansal, 1864. Raised from 
Jules Margottin, Bright rose, 
very beautiful in the bud state ; 
will give more fine blooms in 
the autumn than any other of 
the class, and it is also one of 
the best for forcing. It can- 
not be propagated from cut- 
tings. 

Baumann, 1863. Crimson-ver- 
milion, suffused with carmine, 
large, full, of exquisite color 
and form, very fragrant ; the 
wood freely covered with small 
light red thorns. This variety 
is a littlelighterand brighter in 
color than Marie Rady, which 
is a shade lighter than Alfred 
Colomb. A rose of the highest 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



203 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




676. Marie Caro- 
line de Sar- 
toux. 

677. Marie d e 
Blois, free. 



M. 



678. Marie d e P.M. 
Bo u rgo y n e , 
dwf. 

679. Marie Ducher, T. 
free. 



680. Marie Guillot, 
mod. 



681. Marie Jaillet, 

mod. 
6S2. Marie Louise 

Pernet, mod. 

683. Marie Opoix, 
mod. 

684. Marie Sisley, 
mod. 



685. Marie Van 
Houtte, free. 



T. 
H.R. 

T. 

T. 



quality and very productive ; 
no collection can be complete 
with it left out. It should be 
given a favored position. 
Nabonnand. 18S1. Pure white. 



Moreau - Robert, 1852. Rose 
color, double, not mossy, 
poor. 

Moreau-Robert, 1S53. Bright 
rose, medium size. 

Ducher, 1868. Salmon-rose, 
large, very full, somewhat 
flat ; a free blooming kind, of 
excellent habit. Not a refined 
flower, yet it is a sort worth 
growing. 

Guillot-fils, 1874. White, faintly 
tinged with yellow, large, full; 
of splendid form. One of the 
most beautiful Teas ; would 
that it were fragrant ! 

Madame Ducher, 187S. Pale 
rose, deeper in the centre. 

Pernet, 1876. Raised from Bar- 
oness Rothschild. Deep rose, 
cupped form. 

Schwartz, 1874. P'l^e yellow, 
almost white, not of first 
quality. 

Guillot-fils, 1868. Rose tinged 
with salmon, sometimes cop- 
pery-rose ; a distinct sort, but 
not reliable, and at its best is 
not specially attractive. 

Ducher, 1871. From Madame de 
Tartas X Madame Fa Icot. Pale 
yellow, the edges of petals 



2G4 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Varietv, and 
Habit of Growth. 




686. Marie Verdier, 

free. 
6S7. Marquis de 

Balbiano, free. 
688. Marquis de 

Sanima, mod. 



H.R. 
B. 
T. 



689. Marquis ofi H.R. 
Salisbury, mod. I 



690. Marquise 
Adele de Mu- 
rinais, free. 

691. Marquise de 
C as t el 1 a n e, 
mod. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



692. Marquise de 
Ligneries, mod. 



H.R. 



693. Marquise de H.R 
Mortemart, 
mod. or dwf. 



694. Mary Pochin. 



695. Masterpi e c e, 
mod. or free. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



often lined with rose, well 
formed ; of good habit, and in 
every respect a most charming 
sort. The finest of all Teas 
for out-door culture. 
E. Verdier, 1877. Rose color. 

Lacharme, 1855. Silvery-rose, 
medium size, full. 

Mme. Ducher, 1875. Coppery 
rose, in the style of Reine die 
Portugal, but not so good. 

G. Paul, 1879. Coppery-rose ; 
shaded with crimson, large, 
globular form, distinct. 

Schwartz, 1876. Raised from 
Madavie Laffay. Silvery-rose; 
an mferior sort. 

Pernet, 1869. Supposed to be 
a seedling from Jules Mar- 
gottin. Carmine-rose, a bright 
and permanent shade, very 
large, very full, not fragrant 
but effective, does not bloom 
until late ; a valuable sort for 
exhibition purposes. Does not 
propagate from cuttings. 

Guenoux, 1879. (Sent out by 
yamain.) Rose color, wood 
nearly smooth. 

Liabaud, 1868. Raised from 
Jules Margottin. Blush, well 
formed. A fine rose of delicate 
habit. 

Rev. E. M. Pochin, 1881. (Sent 
out by Cranston^ Lake, shaded 
with crimson, medium size. 

W. Paul, 1880. Supposed to be 
a seedling from Beauty of 
Walthain. Rosy-crimson. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



265 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth 




696. Mathilde Le- 
naerts, 

697. Maurice Ber- 
nardin, vig. or 
free. 



698. MayOuennell, H.R. 
dwf. or mod. 



Cl.T. 
H.R. 



699. May Turner, 
mod. 

700. Melanie Oger, 
free. 

701. Melanie Sou- 
pert. 

702. Mere dc St. 
Louis, mod. 

703. Michael Bon- 
net, free. 

704. Michael Saun- 
ders, mod. 



H.R. 

T. 

T. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

H.T. 



Levet, 1879. Raised from Gloire 
de Dijon. Rose color. 

Granger, 1861. Raised from Gene- 
ral Jacqtieminot. Bright crim- 
son, large, moderately full ; a 
good free flowering sort, gene- 
rally coming in clusters ; the 
roots are very delicate, and 
break easily. In the spring, 
this is, perhaps, the most pro- 
lific of all crimson sorts. 

Postans, 1878. (Sent out by W. 
Paul ^^ Son.) Magenta, shaded 
with crimson, large flowers, 
many of them coming imper- 
fect ; wood rather smooth, loli- 
age dark. 

E. Verdier, 1874. Salmon-rose. 

Oger, 1851. Yellowish white, 
deeper at centre, medium size. 

Nabonnand, 1881. White, large, 
very full. 

Lacharme, 1852. Raised from 
La Reine. Pink, medium size. 

Guillot-pere, 1864. Rose color, 
in the way of Madame jfoly, 
but inferior. 

Bennet, 1879. From President 
X Madam e Victor Verdier. Deep 
bronzed rose, or rose shaded 
with coppery-red, medium 
size, very full, finely formed, 
somewhat fragrant ; on ac- 
count of their great fulness 
the fiowers do not open well 
under glass, but they are fine 
in open air. A very distinct 
and pleasing sort ; the best of 
the set sent out by Bennett. 



266 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




705. Mignonette. 



706. Miller-Hayes, 
mod. 

707. Miss Glegg, 
free. 



708. Miss Hassard, 
free. 



709. Miss Ingram, 
free. 

710. Miss M ay 
Paul, vig. 

711. Miss Tweed, 
free. 



712. M o de 1 e d e 
Perfection, 
mod. 

713. Mogadon 



714. Moir6, mod. 

715. Monsieur Al 
fred Leveau. 

716. Monsieur Bon- 



Pol. 

H.R. 

N. 

H.R. 

H.Ch, 

CI.T. 

A. 



B. 



H.R. 



T. 
H.R. 

H.R. 



Guillot-fils, 1881. " Delicate 
rose, changing to blush, very 
small, double, flowering in 
corymbs of thirty or forty 
blooms." 

E. Verdipr, 1873. Reddish crim- 
son. 

Vibert. White, the centre often 
flesh color, very small, double; 
resembles y^m/(? Vibert, but is 
much inferior. 

Turner, 1875. Raised from Alar- 
giierite de St. Aviande. Pink, 
large, very full, sweetly scent- 
ed ; many imperfect blooms. 

Ingram, 1868. (Sent out by 
Tji7-ner.) Blush white, well 
formed ; a fine rose. 

Levet, 18S1. Raised from Globe 
de Dijon. " Lilac-white, re- 
verse of the petals red." 

Pale yellow, semi-double ; it has 
nine leaflets, rarely seven ; 
Persian Yellow\ has seven leaf- 
lets only ; remembering this, 
it IS always a simple matter to 
distinguish the varieties when 
out of flower. 

Guillot-fils, i860. Raised from 
Louise Odier. Satiny rose, 
medium size, well formed. 

Raised from Rose du Roi, and 
esteemed as an improvement 
on that variety. It is a crim- 
son damask which flowers in 
autumn. 

Moire, 1844. Fawn and rose. 

Vigneron, 1880, Carmine-rose. 

Liabaud, 1864. Very deepcrim- 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



267 



Name of Variety, and! p 
Habit of Growth. ^^ass. 



cenne, free or 
mod. 

717. Monsieur E. 
Y. Teas, mod. 
or dwf. 

718. Monsieur Pil- 
lion, mod. 

719. Monsieur Fur-| 
tado, free or| 
mod. 



720. Monsieur Jard, 
free. 

721. Monsieurjour- 
naux, vig. 

722. Monsieur Jules 
Monges. 

723. Monsieur No- 
man, dwf. 



724. M o n s i e u r 
Thouvenel. 

725. Monthly Cab- 
bage. 

726. Mrs. Baker, 
mod. 

727. Mrs. Bosan- 
quet, mod. 

728. Mrs. El Hot t, 
free. 

729. Mrs. Harry 
Turner, mod. 



H.R. 

H.R. 
T. 

B. 
H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 



H.R. 

Beng. 

H.R. 

Beng. 

H.R. 

H.R. 



son, double, medium size ; a 
good rose, but now displaced 
by Baron de Boiistetten. 

E. Verdier, 1874. Carmine- 
crimson, large, fine, globular 
form, highly scented ; a superb 
rose. 

Gonod, 1876. Belongs to the 
Victor Verdier type. Carmine- 
rose, not of first quality. 

Laflfay, 1863. Yellow, medium 
or small size, well formed, very 
full ; an exquisite sort, of 
good habit, not nearly so 
much grown as it deserves. 

Guillot-pere, 1857. Red, tinged 
with violet. 

Marest, 1868. Brilliant red. 

Guillot-fils, 1881. Carmine- 
rose, cupped form. 

Guillot-pere, 1876. Raised from 
Jules Margottin. Rose color, 
often delicately mottled, beau- 
tiful globular form. Unreli- 
able, but magnificent when in 
perfection. 

Vigneron, 1880. Velvety red, 
flat form. 

Violet rose, somewhat fragrant. 

Turner, 1875. Belongs to the Vic- 
tor Ve7'dier type. Carmine-red. 

Madam Pean. Rosy-flesh, very 
productive. 

Laffay, 1840. Rose color, double, 
generally seven leaflets ; of 
second quality. 

Laxton, 1880. (Sent out by 
Turner.) Raised from Charles 



268 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




730. Mrs. Hovey, 
vig. 

731. Mrs. Jowitt. 



732. Mrs. Laxton, 
dwf. 



733. Mrs. O p i e, 
mod. 

734. Mrs. Pierce, 
vig. 

735. Mrs. Standish, 
dwf. 

736. Nancy Lee, 
dwf. 



737. Narcisse, mod. 
{Enfant de Ly- 
on). 

738. Nardy Freres, 
free. 



H.R. 
H.R. 

T. 

P. 

H.R. 

H.T. 



T. 



H.R. 



Lefebvre X Alfred de Rouge- 
mont. Scarlet-crimsoR, a splen- 
did bright color ; a very prom- 
ising sort. 

Pierce. Blush, changing to 
white, resembles Baltimore 
Belle, but is hardier ; a valu- 
able climbing rose. 

Cranston, 1880. From Marie 
Rady X Due de Rohan, Crim- 
son, tinged with lake. 

Laxton, 1878. (Sent out by 
G. Paul.) Raised from Ma- 
dame Victor Vo'dier. Rosy- 
crimson, beautiful form, 

Bell & Son, 1877. Salmon-rose. 

Pierce, 1850. Blush. 

Trouillard, i860. Belongs to 
the Giant of Battles tj'^pe. Deep 
crimson, tinged with purple. 

Bennett, 1879. From Alba Rosea 
X Edward Morren. Satiny- 
rose, a delicate and lovely 
shade, medium or small size, 
beautiful buds, highly scented; 
giowth slender, inclined to 
mildew. Were this of vigorous 
growth and good constitution, 
it would be a variety of great 
value. 

1845. Yellow, an inferior Mon- 
sieur Eurtado. 

Ducher, 1868. Supposed to be 
a seedling from Madame Boll. 
Violet-red, a very distinct 
variety, but of too perishable 
a color to have any value. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



269 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth 



739. Nina, mod. 

740. Niphetos, dwf. 



741. N u i t s d e 
Young, mod. 

742. Oderic Vital, 
vig. 



743. Odorata, free. 
{Blush Tea.) 




744. CEillet Flam 
and, free. 



745. CEillet Parfait, 
mod. 

Old Yellow Tea. 

746. Olga JNIarix, 
mod. 

747. Olivier Del- 
homme, free. 

748. Ophelia, mod. 

749. Ophirie, vig. 



T. 
T. 



M. 
H.R. 



Fr. 



Prov. 

T. 
H.N. 

H.R. 

T. 

N. 



Blush, loose fiowers : not of 
value. 

1844. White, sometimes tinged 
with pale yellow, long, large 
buds, the petals thick and 
durable. A very beautiful 
variety for growing under 
glass, it is entirely unsuited 
for growing in open air. 

Laffay, 1851. Purplish-red, a 
sullied shade. 

Oger, 1858. A sport from Bar- 
onne Pfevost. A little lighter 
in color than the parent, the 
habit is the same. 

Of Chinese origin, brought to 
England in 1810. Carmine, 
fading to blush, large flowers, 
somewhat loose but good in 
the bud ; one of the most fra- 
grant. The larger number of 
the Teas are descendants of 
this sort. 

Vibert, 1845. White, striped 
with rose, like a variegated 
carnation, double flowers, of 
medium size ; the foliage is 
very dark. 

Foulard, 1841. Blush, striped 
with violet-rose ; inferior to 
the preceding sort. 

See Flavescens. 

Schwartz, 1873. Rosy-flesh, 
changing to white ; inferior. 

V. Verdier. 1861. Brilliant red, 
large, well formed. 

Ducher, 1873. Yellow, medium 
size, full. 

Goubault, 1844. Nasturtium- 
yellow, suffused with coppery- 



270 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




750. Oriflamme de 
St. Louis, free. 



751. Oscar Leclerc, 
mod. 

752. Oxonian, mod. 



753. Paeonia, free. 



754. Pallida. 

755. Panache d'Or- 
leans, vig. 



756. Paquerette, 
mod. 



757. Paul Jamain, 
free. 



H.R. 

P.M. 
H.R. 

H.R. 



P. 
H.R. 



Pol. 



H.R. 



red, medium size, double ; a 
very distinct sort, but very 
shy. 

1858. Raised from General Jac- 
qiuniittot. Brilliant crimson ; 
resembles the parent, but is 
inferior to it. 

Robert, 1853. Red tinged with 
violet, in the way of .Madame 
Bouton. 

Turner, 1875. Belongs to the 
Victor Verdier iype. Rosy-red, 
somewhat fragrant, large size ; 
the only one of the type that 
has perfume. 

Lacharme, 1855. Red, very large 
or large, full, fragrant, a free 
bloomer ; bushy habit, dark 
lustrous foliage, numerous 
pale red thorns. A fine gar- 
den rose, but not quite up to 
exhibition standard. 

Feast, 1843, Blush, much re- 
sembling Stiperba. 

Dauvesse, 1854. A sport from 
Baronne Prevost. Identical 
with the parent sort, except 
that the flowers are striped 
with rosy-white. It is not con- 
stant, soon running back to 
the original. 

Guillot-fils, 1875. Pure white, 
about one inch in diameter, 
full, prettily formed, recalling 
blossoms of the double flower- 
ing cherry ; there are five to 
seven leaflets, the growth is 
slender. 

Jamain, 1878. Belongs to the 
Charles Lefebvre type. Crim- 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



271 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



758. Paul Joseph, 
free. 

759. Paul Nabon- 
nand, free. 

760. Paul Neyron, 
vig. 



[vig. 

761. Paul Perras, 

762. Paul Ricaut, 
free or vig. 



Class. 



B. 

T. 

H.R. 



H.Ch. 
H.Ch. 



H.Ch. 



763. Paul Verdier, 
vig. 

764. Pauline Lan-' H.R, 
sezeur, mod. ! 

i 

765. Pauline Tala- H.R. 
hot, free. i 

766. Peach Bios- H.R. 
som, mod. 



son, slightly tinged with violet- 
red. Very similar to Charles 
Lefebvre. 
Portemer, 1842. Violet-red. 

Nabonnand, iS?" Satiny-rose. 

Levet, 1S69. From Vic lor Verdier, 
X Anne de Dies bach. Deep 
rose, very large, very full, 
somewhat fragrant, free-bloom- 
ing ; the wood is nearly 
smooth, the foliage tough and 
enduring, somewhat tender, 
the growth is very upright. 
The largest variety known, 
and a very desirable sort for 
the garden. 

Pale rose, large, full. 

Portemer, 1845. Carmine-crim- 
son, medium size, fine glob- 
ular form ; one of the most 
beautiful summer roses. 

C. Verdier, 1S66. Carmine-red, 
large, globular flowers, well 
built; a splendid sort. 

Lansezeur, J 855. Red, shaded 
with violet-crimson, medium 
size, free blooming. 

E. Verdier, 1873. Carmine- 
red. 

W, Paul, 1874. Belongs to the 
jfnles Margoitin type. Mottled 
pink, a fine color, many im- 
perfect blooms ; there are 
others of this type like Com- 
iesse de Serenye, Egeria, and 
Margiidrite de St. Aniajtde, of 
nearly the same shade, that 
are greatly superior. 



272 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and p 
Habit of Growth. ^i-^bb. 



767. Pearl, dwf. 



H.T. 



768. P e n e I o p e| H.R. 
Mayo, mod. ! 



769. Perfection de 
M o n p 1 a i s i r, 
mod. 



770. Perfection desi H.N. 
Blanches, free. 

771. Perle d' An- B. 
gers, mod. 

772. Perle d e s II. N. 
Blanches, mod. 

773. Perle des Jar-f T. 
dins, free. { 



774. Perle de Lyon, 
mod. 



775. Perpetual 
White Moss, 
free. 



M. 



Bennett, 1879. From President 
X Com te see de Serenye. Rosy- 
llesh, small, full, pretty buds, 
with a decided Bourbon fra- 
grance ; growth very slender, 
subject to mildew. 

Davis, 1878. (Sent out by Tur- 
ner.) Carmine-red, full, well- 
shaped flowers. 

Levet, 1871. Yellow, a good 
Tea, which may be described 
as an improved Canary ; like 
that sort it is delicate. 

Schwartz, 1873. White, a good 
sort, but inferior to Coquette 
des A I pes. 

Moreau-Roberl, 1879. Blush. 

Lacharme, 1872. From Blanche 
Lafitte X SappJw. White, in- 
ferior to others of the type. 

Levet, 1874. Canary-yellow, 
large or very large, full, well 
formed, stiff stems, very free ; 
the leaflets are five to seven in 
number, deeply serrated, very 
dark and glaucous. A supeib 
sort for forcing, and fine also 
in open air. 

Ducher, 1872. Yellow with 
saffron centre, large, full, very 
fragrani ; fully as fine in qual- 
ity as the preceding, but so 
subject to mildew as to be 
worthless to ordinary cultiva- 
tors. 

LaflQiy. A sport from White Da- 
mask. White, tinged with 
flesh, flowers in clusters, me- 
dium size, semi-double or 
double, coarse form ; but little 



CATALOGUE OF VAIIIETIES. 



2?3 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




776. Persian Yel- 
low, free. 



777- Pierre Guillot, 

mod. 
778. Pierre Netting, 

free. 



H.T. 
H.R. 



779. Pierre SeletzkiJ H.R 



78o.Pius the Ninth, 
vig 



H.R. 



781. Portland! Dam. 
Blanche, free, j 

782. Prefet Lim-I H.R. 
bourg, vig. I 



mossed, unattractive either in 
bud or flower ; the name is a 
deception, as it very rarely 
blooms in the autumn. Great- 
ly inferior to IVhi/e Bath, and 
also Comtesse de Murinais. 
Introduced from Persia by H. 
Willock, in 1830. Bright yel- 
low, small, nearly full, well 
formed ; small foliage, faintly 
scented like the Sweetbrier; 
seven leaflets ; the wood is 
chocolate-brown in color, arm.- 
ed with numerous brown 
thorns ; it is the finest of all 
hardy yellow roses. It must 
not be closely pruned ; it is 
desirable to grow more than 
one plant, and by pruning one 
this year, in the usual way, and 
the other the next, annual 
crops of flowers may be had. 
Does not grow from cuttings. 
Guilot-fils, 1879. Deep red, fra- 
grant and good. 
Portemer, 1863. Deep crimson, 
tinged with violet, large, or 
very large, fine, globular form, 
highly scented ; the most 
beautiful dark rose, after Louis 
Van Houtte. 
Levet, 1872. Violet-red, 
Vibert, 1849. Violet-rose, a very 
sullied shade, flat form, very 
full, free blooming, very hardy. 
Vibert, 1836. White, tinged with 
flesh, large, very full, flat form; 
often comes with green centre. 
Margottin-fils, 1878. Crimson, 
tinged with violet, double, or 
full ; a rose of fine color. 



274 



THE KOSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



783. President. 

784. President Leon 
d e St. Jean, 
mod. 

785. President Lin- 
coln, free. 




787. President 
Schlachter, free 
or vig. 

788. President 
Thiers, dwf. 



789. Pride of Wal- 
iham, mod. 



790. Prince Arthur, 
free. 



791. Prince C?mille 
d e Rohan, 
free. 



792. Prince de Por- 
tia, free. 



T. 
H.R. 

H.R. 



786. President Mas,! H.R. 
free. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



i860. (Sent out by W. PauL) 
See Adam. 

Lacharme, 1875. Raised from 
Charles Lefebvre. This is sim- 
ply an inferior Charles Lefeb- 
z'7-e,XiO\. worthy o( cultivation. 

Granger, 1863. Vermilion-red, 
tinged with crimson, the flow- 
ers are much like General 
Washington, but inferior in 
quality to that variety, the 
habit of growth is stronger. 

Guillot-fils, 1865. Raised from 
Triojnphe de V Exposition. Red, 
shaded with crimson, often 
comes with bad centre. 

E. Verdier, 1877. Reddish crim- 
son, tinged with violet. 

Lacharme, 1871. Belongs to the 
Victor Verdier type. Carmine- 
red, one of the darkest colored 
in the type. 

W. Paul, t88i, Belongs to the 
VictorVerdier type. Flesh color, 
shaded with rose, a deeper 
shade than Eugenie Verdier. 

Cant, 1875. Belongs to the 
General Jacqueminot- type. 
Deep crimson, smaller but 
better formed than Jacque- 
viinot. 

E. Verdier, 1861. Very deep 
. velvety-crimson, large, mod- 
erately full, habit somewhat 
spreading, shy in autumn. A 
good rose, of splendid color. 

E. Verdier, 1865. Vermilion, 
large, full, well formed, one of 
the most fragrant, somewhat 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



275 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




793. Prince Hum- 
bert, free or 
mod. 

794. Prince Leon, 
mod. 

795. Prince of 
Wales, mod. 



796. Prince Paul 
Demidoff, free. 

797. Prince Pros- 
pe r d'A r e m- 
berg. 

798. Princess Ade- 
laide, vig. 



799. Princess Alice, 
vig. 

800. Princess An- 
toinette Stroz 
zio, free. 

801. Princess Bea 
trice, mod. 



802. Princess Char- 
lotte de la Tre- 
mouille, mod. 



803. P r i n c e s s 
Christian, mod. 



H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 
T. 

M. 

M. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 



subject to mildew, A splen- 
did variety. 
Margottin, 1867. Crimson, large, 
well formed, excellent. 

Marest, 1852. Rosy-crimson, 

stiff, short wood. 
Laxton, 1869. (Sent out by G. 

Paul.) From Louise Peyionny 

X Victor Verdier. Pink, very 

large, double, 
Guillot-fils, 1873. Satiny-rose. 



Soupert & Notting, 1880. 
mon-red. 



Sal- 



H.R. 



Laffay, 1845. Pale rose, me- 
dium size, not very mossy, but 
good in bud and flower ; dark 
foliage, which is often varie- 
gated, 

W, Paul, 1853, Raised from 
lAixcnibotirg. Violet-rose, not 
well mossed, 

E. Verdier, 1874, Red, large, 
full, well formed ; slightly in 
the way of Marie Rady. 

W^. Paul, 1872. Belongs to the 
Victor Verdier type. ' Pink, 
globular flowers ; fades quickly 
and is not desirable. 

Leveque, 1S77. Pale satiny- 
rose, medium size, full, some- 
what fragrant ; not of first 
quality, but very free bloom- 
ing, and therefore of some 
value, 

W. Paul, 1870. Salmon-rose, 
does not open well ; worth- 
less. 



276 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



804. Princess 
Clem e n t i n e, 
vig. 

805. Princess 
Louise, mod. 



806. P r i n c ess 
Louise Vic- 
toria, vig. 



S07. Princess Marie 

Dolgo ro u k y, 

free. 
808. Princess Mary 

of Cambridge, 

mod. 



809. Princess Ma- 
thilde, mod. 




810. Princess of 
Wales, free. 

Sir. Professor 
Koch, free. 

S12. Pumila, free. 



813. 
814, 



[bra, mod. 
Purpurea Ru- 
Queen Elean- 
or, mod. or 
free. 



Prov. 



H.R. 



H.Cl. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R. 
H.R. 

N. 



M. 
H.R. 



Vibert, 1842. A beautiful white 
rose, much resembling, but 
not equalling, Blanchejleur. 

Laxton, 1S70. (Sent out by G. 
Paul.) Raised from Mfne. 
Vidot X Virginal. Blush, me- 
dium size, good. 

Knight, 1872. Salmon-pink, 
medium size, fine globular 
form, not fragrant ; dark fo- 
liage, wood nearly smooth. 
A splendid rose. 

Gonod. 187S. Raised from Anne 
de Diesbach. Satin)'-rose, very 
large. 

Granger, 1866. (Sent out by G. 
Paul.) Yxovci Dtuhess of Suth- 
erland X Jules Margottin. Sal- 
mon-pink, often mottled ; a 
fine sort, now surpassed by 
Coitjitess of Serenye and Egeria. 

Liabaud, i860. (Sent out by 
Jean Pernet.) Burgundy- 
crimson, a lovely shade, me- 
dium size, double, never full. 
It seems as though this must 
be the founder of the Baron 
de Bonstetten type. 

W. Paul, 1864. Crimson, cup- 
ped form, double. 

E. Verdier, 1861. Cherry-red, 
medium size, double, erect 
growth, liable to mildew. 

Origin and raiser unknown. 
Salmon-rose, seeming to have 
Safrano blood, very free. 

Purplish-red, a bad color. 

VV. Paul, 1876. Pink, tinged 
with magenta-red, large, full, 
well formed ; wood and thorns 
light green. A very beautiful 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



277 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 




815, Queen of 
Ayrshires, vig 

816. Queen of Bed- 
ders, dwf. 



817. Queen of 
Bourbons, 
mod. or dwf. 

818. Queen of 
Oueens. 



Sig. Queen of the 
Belgians, vig. 

S20. Queen of the 
Prairies, vig. 



Ay 
B. 



B. 

H.R. 

Ay. 
P. 



821. Queen of Wal- H.R. 
tliam, mod. 



822. Queen's Scar- 
let, mod. 

823. Queen Vic- 
toria, mod. 



Beng. 
H.R. 



S24. R. Dudley: H.R. 

Baxter. 
825. Red Dragon,! H.R. 

free. 



rose when perfect, but sparse- 
ly produced and not reliable. 

Rivers. Violet crimson, semi- 
double, small. 

Noble, 1877, Raised from Sir 
y. Paxton. Crimson, medium 
size, very full ; a free flower- 
ing sort. The color is not 
very durable. 

Mauger, 1S34. Fawn and rose, 
medium or small size, fra- 
grant, very free ; of delicate 
habit. 

VV. Paul, 1882. "Pink, with 
blush edges, large and full, 
and of perfect form ; grows 
and flowers freely." 

White, small, double. 

Feast, 1843. Rosy -red, fre- 
quently with white stripe, me- 
dium or large size, double ; 
foliage large, five leaflets, 
quite deeply serrated. 

W. Paul, 1875. Cherry-red, of 
good size, very fragrant, does 
not bloom till late ; a variety 
of fair quality. 

Hallock & Tho'rpe, 1880. Crim- 
son, seems to be an improved 
Agrippina. 

Fontaine, 1850. (Sent out by 
W. Paul ) Raised from La 
Rente. Blush with pink cen- 
tre, large, ver)'- full, globular ; 
does not open well. 

W. Paul, 1S79. Maroon, large 
size. 

W. Paul, 1878. Crimson, large, 
rather loose flowers ; not val- 
uable. 



278 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



826. Red Gauntlet. 

827. Red Ro ver, 
vig. 

Red Safrano. 

828. ReineBlanche, 
mod. 

829. ReineBlanche, 
mod. 

830. ReineBlanche, 
mod. 

831. Reine de Por- 
tugal, mod. 



832. Reine d e s 
Massifs, vip;. 

833. Reine desVio- 
lettes, free. 

834. Reine du Mi- 
di, free or vig. 

835. Reine Emma 
des Pays Bas, 
free. 

836. Reine Maria 
Pia, vig. 

837. Reine Marie 
Henriette, vig. 



838. Reve d'Or, 
free. 

839. Rev. J. B. 
Camm, mod. 




H.R. 
H.Cl. 

T. 
M. 

H.R. 

H.R. 



N. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

T. 

Cl.T. 

CI.T. 



N. 
H.R, 



W. Paul & Son, 1881. Crimson. 

W. Paul, 1863. Red, tinged 
with crimson. 

See Safrano a fleur Rouge. 

Robert, 1858. White, a shy 
blooming sort. 

Damaizin, 1868. Raised from 
La Reine. Blush, well-formed. 

Crozy, 1869. Raised from Vic- 
tor Verdier. Flesh-white, shad- 
ed with rose. 

Guillot-fils, 1867. Coppery- 
yellow, blending with rose, 
large, very full ; an eminently 
distinct sort, but does not open 
well. 

Levet, 1874. Salmon -yellow, 
medium size. 

Mille-Mallet, i860. Raised from 
Pius the Ninth. Violet- red, a 
muddy color. 

Robert, 1868. The same as La 
Reine, though supposed by 
some to be larger and fuller. 

Nabonnand, 1879. Yellow, shad- 
ed with reddish salmon. 

Schwartz, 1880. Raised from 
Gloire de Dijoit, Deep rose, 
the centre reddish crimson. 

Levet, 1878. From Mme. Be'rard 
X Gen. Jacqtieniinot. Cher- 
ry-red, a pure shade, large, 
double, somewhat fragrant ; a 
beautiful, but rather unpro- 
ductive sort. 

Ducher, 1869. BuflT-yellow, me- 
dium size, full. 

Turner, 1875. Belongs to the 
JulesMmgottin type. Carmine- 
rose, a fine enduring shade, 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



279 



Name of Variety, and 
Hauit of Growth. 



840. Richard Lax- 
ion, free. 



841. RichardSmith, 
mod. 



842. Richard Wal- 
lace, free. 

843. Rivers, free. 

844. Robert Mar 
nock, free or 
vig. 

845. Rose du Roi, 
mod. {Crimson 
Perpetual.^ 

846. Ro s i e r i s t e 
Harms, free. 



847. R o s i e ri s t e 
Jacobs, free. 

848. Rosy Morn, 
dwf. 



849. Royal Stand- 
ard, mod. 




H.R. 

H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

Dam. 

H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 



H.R. 



large or medium size, semi- 
globular form ; one of the most 
fragrant and free bloom.ing. 
A superb rose. 

Laxton, 1878. (Sent out by 
Turner.) Reddish -crimson, 
large, full ; somewhat resem- 
bles JMarechal Vaillant. 

E, Verdier, 1861. Belongs to 
the Gen. Jacqiieininot type. 
Crimson, tinged with purple, 
not valuable, 

Leveque, 1871. Red, very large ; 
not of first quality. 

Laffay, 1839, Rose color, large, 
flat form, not valuable. 

G. Paul, 1878. Belongs to the 
Dtike of Edinburgh type. 
Brownish-crimson, double, not 
free in autumn. 

Lelieur, 1812. Bright crimson, 
large, double, very fragrant ; 
occasionally blooms in au- 
tumn, 

E. Verdier, 1879, Velvety-red, 
shaded with crimson, slightly 
resembling Mme. Vic/or Ver- 
dier. 

Madame Ducher, 1880. Bright 
red. 

W. Paul, 1878. Belongs to the 
Victor Verdier type. Salmon- 
pink, a deeper shade than 
Eugenie Verdier; peculiar 
wood and foliage more like 
Captain Christy than any other 
variety, A good rose, but with 
too many imperfect blooms. 

Turner, 1874. Satiny - rose, 
tinged with lilac, a large, well- 
formed, globular flower. 



280 



THE KOSK. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth 




850. Royal Tea, 
mod. 

851. Rubens, mod. 

852. Rubens, free 



853. Rugosa Alba, 
vig. 

854. Rugosa Rubra, 
vig. 



855. S. Reynolds 
Hole, mod. 



856. Safrano, free. 



857. Safrano a fleur 
Rouge, mod. 
{Red Safrajw.) 



T. 

n.R. 

T. 



H.R. 



White, faintly tinged with yel- 
low, long, beautiful buds, del- 
icate habit. 
Laffay, 1852. Bright red, a fine 
color, flowers loose. 

Moreau - Robert, 1859. Rosy- 
flesh, deeper at centre, large, 
full, well formed, fine in the 
bud. An excellent variety. 

A species from Japan, intro- 
duced some years ago. White, 
large size, five petals, Iragrant. 
A beauiiful single rose. 

Also from Japm. Deep rose, 
tinged with violet, single, 
fragrant. The flowers are 
succeeded by very bright col- 
ored heps of large size, which 
in the autumn are exceedingly 
attractive. The leaflets are 
nine in number, of dark color, 
very tough and durable. These 
two kinds are splendid shrubs 
for borders. 

G. Paul, 1872. Maroon, flushed 
with scarlet-crimson, medium 
size, full, well formed ; shy in 
the autumn and subject to 
mildew. A rose of great 
beauty but not at all adapted 
to general cultivation. 

Beauregard, 1839. Saffron and 
apricot -yellow, large, semi- 
double, exceedingly beautiful 
in the bud, very free. The seed 
organs are better developed 
than in almost any other kind. 

Oger, 1868. Belong to the Safra- 
w^type. Saffron-yellow, shaded 
with coppery red, semi-double; 
a peculiar scent, not pleasing. 



CATALOGUE OF VAIilETIES. 



281 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



858. Saint George, 
mod. 

859. Salet, free. 



860. Sanguine a, 
mod. 

861. Senator Vaisse, 
mod. 



862. S e t i n a, free. 



Seven Sisters. 
863. Sir Garnet 
Wolseley, vig. 
or free. 




864. SirJ oseph 
Paxton, free. 



865. Socrates, free, 



866. Soeur des An 
ges, mod. 

867. Solfaterre, vig, 
(Augusta,) 



Bang. 
H.R. 



B. 



Mult. 
H.R. 



B. 



H.R. 

N. 



W. Paul, 1874. Crimson, shaded 
with purple. 

Lacharme, 1854. Light rose, 
medium size, flat form, fairly 
good buds, very free. The 
best in the class, after Sotipert 
&= Nottivg. 

Crimson, medium or small size. 
An inferior Agrippina. 

Guillot-pere, 1859. Raised from 
General Jacqueminot. Red, 
shaded with carmine-crimson, 
large, full, well formed, highly 
scented. A fine rose, but now 
surpassed hy Mons. E.Y. Teas. 

T. Henderson, 1859. A sport 
from Hennosa. Identical with 
the parent, except that the 
habit is a little more vigorous. 

See Greville. 

Cranston, 1875. Said to be a 
seedling from Prince Catnille. 
[We doubt this parentage.] 
Nearly identical with Maurice 
Bernardin ; the flowers may 
be a little superior in finish, 
but they are less freely pro- 
duced. 

Laflfay, 1852. Deep red, slightly 
tinged with violet, medium 
size, well formed, non-au- 
tumnal. 

Moreau - Robert, 1858. Deep 
rose, tinged with fawn, large 
or medium size^ double or 
full. Quite a good Tea. 

Oger, 1863. A sport from Du- 
chesse (V Orleans. Flesh, shaded 
with lilac ; not valuable. 

Boyeau, 1843. Raised fromZ^;- 
7}iarque. Sulphur-yellow, large, 



2S2 



THE HOSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



868. Sombreuil, 
vig. 



869. Soupert& Not- 
ting, dwf. 



870. Souvenir d'A- 
dolphe Thiers, 
mod. 

871. Souvenird'Au- 
guste Riviere, 
free. 

872. Souvenir d'El- 
ise V a r d o n, 
mod. 



873. Souvenir de 
Georges Sand, 
free. 

874. Souvenir de 




P.M. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



T. 



double or full, slightly fra- 
grant. An excellent climbing 
rose, and valuable as a stock 
on which to bud Teas. 

Moreau-Robert, 1851. Evidently 
of Bourbon parentage on one 
side. Creamy - white, often 
tinted with pink, large or very 
large, full, well formed ; the 
hardiest and mosl vigorous of 
the white Teas, and Iree from 
mildew. A valuable sort for 
culture in the open air. 

Pernet, 1874. Rose color, very 
large, very full, globular form, 
highly scented, not very 
mossy, a true ever-blooming 
rose, five leaflets only. The 
flowers are sometimes mal- 
formed, but they are infinitely 
superior to all others of the 
same class. 

Moreau-Robert, 1877. Raised 
from Countess of Oxford. Red, 
tinged with vermilion, very 
large. 

E. Verdier, 1877. Belongs to 
the Prince Camille type. Vel- 
vety-crimson. 

Marest, 1855. Flesh color, 
shaded with rosy - salmon, 
large, full ; highly esteemed in 
England, but we have never 
admired it ; refinement is lack- 
ing in the flower. 

Madame Ducher, 1876. Salmon 
and rose, reverse of petals 
tinged with lilac, badly form- 
ed. 

Boll, 1854. A hybrid Scotch. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



283 



Name OF Variety, AND p 
Habit of Growth. »-lass. 



Henry Clay, 
free. 

875. Souvenir de 
la Malmaison, 
mod. 



876. Souvenir de la 
Reine d' An- 
gleterre, vig. or 
Tree. 

877. Souvenir de 
la Reine des 
Beiges, mod. or 
free. 

878. Souve n i r d e 
Laffay. 

879. Souve n i r d e 
Leveson Gow- 
er, free. 

880. Souven i r de 
Louis Van 
Houtte, free. 



881. 

882. 

883. 

884. 
885. 



Souve n i r d e 
Mme. Robert, 
free or vig. 

Souve n i r d e 
Marie Detrey, 
free. 

Souve n i r d e 
Mons. Boll, 
mod. or free. 

Souve n i r d e 
Mons. Droche. 

Souve n i r d e 
Paul Neyron, 
mod. 



B. 

H.R. 

H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

H.R. 

T. 

H.R. 

H.R. 
T. 



Rose color, small or medium 
size, gives some blooms in the 
autumn. 

Beluze, 1843. Supposed to be 
a seedling from Aladarne Dcs- 
prez. Flesh shaded with fawn, 
large, very full, flat form, rich 
foliage. A splendid rose. 

Cochet, 1855. Raised from La 
Reine, Bright rose, very large, 
double ; shy in autumn. 

Cochet, 1855. Carmine red, me- 
dium size, good color, rather 
tender. 

E. Verdier, 1878. Violet-crim- 
son. 

Guillot-pere, 1852. Deep-rose, 
very large, double, or full, 
fine flowers ; quite tender, and 
subject to mildew. 

E. Verdier, 1876. Bright crim- 
son, sometimes tinged with 
violet, well formed, quite a 
good rose. 

Moreau-Robert, 1876. Raised 
ixoxn Jules Margottin. Salmon- 
pink. 

Madame Ducher, 1877. Salmon- 
rose ; of inferior quality, not 
worth growing. 

Boyeau, 1866. Cherry-red, large, 
very full. 

Madame Ducher, 1880. Car- 
mine-rose, double. 

Levet, 1871. Said to be a seed- 
ling from the Noisette Ophirie. 
Pale salmon-yellow, medium 



2S4: 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth 




886. Souven i r d e 
Pierre Dupuy, 
vig. 

887. Souve n i r d e 
Mme. Pernet, 
vig. 



Souven i r d e 
Spa, mod. 



889. 



890. 



Souve n i r d e 
Victor Verdier, 
free or mod. 

Souve n i r d e 
Wm. Wood, 
mod. 



891. Souvenir d' un 
Ami, free. 



892. Souve n i r d u 
Comte de Ca- 
vour, mod. 

893. Souve n i r d u 
Dr. J a m a i n , 
free. 

894. Souve n i r d u 
President Por- 
cher, mod. 

895. Sta n d a rd of 
Marengo, vig. 

896. Stanwell Per 
petual, mod. 



H.Ch, 



T. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

S. 



or small size ; rather a good 
rose, but too delicate to be 
generally useful. 

A. Levet, 1876. Red, large, 
globular flowers, well formed, 
fragrant. 

Pernet, 1875. Tender rose, the 
base of petals tinged with 
yellow, large loose flowers, 
sparsely produced. A dis- 
tinct but not valuable sort. 

Gautreau, 1873. Raised from 
Mme. Victor Verdict. Bright 
red, shaded with crimson, well 
formed. 

E. Verdier, 1878. Red, shaded 
with violet crimson, a well- 
formed, good rose. 

E. Verdier, 1864. Belongs to 
the Prince Camille type. A 
fine, very dark crimson, not 
equalling Prince Camille. 

Belot, 1846. Rose, tinged with 
salmon, very large, full, highly 
perfumed ; an old favorite 
which yet retains its high rank. 

Margottin, 1861. Red, shaded 
with crimson. 

Lacharme, 1865. Raised from 
Charles Lefebvre. Plum color, 
shaded with deep crimson. 

T. Grange, 1880. (Sent out by 
Vigneron.) Raised from Victor 
Verdier. Deep rose. 

Guillot-pere, 1851. Rosy-crim- 
son, double, fragrant. 

Lee. Blush, medium size, 
double, delicately scented, 
foliage very small, nine to 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



285 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



897. Star of Wal 
tham, mod. or 
dwf. 



89S. Stephanie - et- 

Rodolphe, vig. 

899. Sulphu r e u X, 

mod. 
9C0. Sultan of Zan- 
zibar, mod. 

901. Superba, vig. 

902. Sydonie, vig. 



903. Tatiana One 
guine, free. 

904. The Shah, free 



905. Theodore Bui 
lier, free. 

906. Therese Gene- 
vay. 

907. Thomas Meth- 
ven, free. 




H.R. 



CI.T. 

T. 
H.R. 

P. 
H.R. 



H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

T. 
H.R. 



eleven leaflets ; dark reddish- 
brown wood, numerous small 
spines. A hybrid which blooms 
in the autumn. 

W. Paul, 1875. Carmine-crim- 
son, medium size, semi glob- 
ular, full, fragrant ; very large 
foliage, smooth green wood, 
with occasional red thorns. A 
good rose but not reliable. 

Levet, 1880. Raised from Gloire 
de Dijon. Orange-yellow. 

Ducher, 1869. Sulphur yellow, 
medium size. 

G. Paul, 1875. Crimson-maroon, 
in the style of S. Reynolds 
Hole ; very unhealthy habit. 

Feast, 1843. Pink, becoming 
blush, small, full, pretty. 

Doris)r, 1846. Rose color, me- 
dium size, very full, quartered 
form, very free blooming, very 
hardy ; five to seven leaflets, 
red thorns. Its poor shape 
destroys its usefulness. 

Leveque, 1881. Raised from 
Elizabeth Vigneron. Carmine- 
red. 

G. Paul, 1874. Raised from 
Duke of Edinburgh. Red, 
shaded with bright crimson, 
rather small , full ; a shy bloom- 
er, and subject to mildew. 

E. Verdier, 1879. Carmine-red, 
tinged with violet-crimson. 

Levet, 1875. Rose, tinged with 
fawn. 

E. Verdier, 1869. Red, tinged 
with velvety crimson, good 
size, well formed ; a fine rose. 



286 



THE ROSE. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



908. Thomas Mills, 
vig. or free. 

909. Thyra H a m- 
merich, mod. or 
free. 

910. T r i o m p h e 
d'Amiens, vig. 



911. Trio m p h e 
d'Angers, mod. 

912. Triomphe de 
Beaute, free. 



913. Triomplie de 
Caen, dwf. or 
mod. 

914. Triomphe de 
France, dwf. 



915. Triomphe de 
Jaussens, free, 

916. Triomphe de 
I'Expos i t i o n, 
free. 



917. Triomphe de 
Milan, mod. 




H.R. 



H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

Fr. 
H.R. 



E. Verdier, 1872. Rosy-crimson, 
very large, double ; a good 
garden variety. 

Ledechaux, 1868. Raised from 
Duchess of Sutherland. Rosy- 
flesh, large, well formed ; dis- 
tinct and good. 

Mille-Mallet, 1861. A sport from 
General Jacqueminot. Crimson , 
sometimes marbled and strip- 
ed with carmine-purple, but 
generally like the parent ; not 
valuable. 

Moreau-Robert, 1863. Rich 
crimson, suffused with purple. 

Oger, 1853. Reddish-crimson, 
double, somewhat resembles 
General yacqiieminot, but much 
inferior. 

Oger, 1862. Crimson, tinged 
with purple, a non-permanent 
shade, not desirable. 

Margottin, 1875. Carmine-red, 
very large, very full, flat, fra- 
grant ; a fine sort, but not re- 
liable, and of such poor growth 
as to destroy its value. 

Crimson, large loose flowers, 
wood armed with short dark 
spines. 

Margottin, 1855. Reddish crim- 
son, large, rather coarse flow- 
ers, fragrant, numerous red 
thorns, hardy ; occasionally 
comes very fine, but generally 
the quality is inferior. 

Madame Ducher, 1876. White, 
suffused with pale yellow, 
without fragrance ; a fine rose, 
similar, but inferior, to Marie 
Guillot. 



CATALOGUE: OP VARIETIES. 



287 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth 



918. Triomphe de 
Rennes, free. 



919. Triomphe de 
Toulouse, 

920. Triomphe des 
Beaux Arts, 
free or vig. 

921. Triomphe des 
Ro s o m a 11 e s, 
vig. 



922. Triomphe du 
Luxembo u rg , 
free. 

923. Triumph ant, 

Vigr. 



924. Ulrich Biiiii- 
ner, vig. 

Unique. 

925. Unique, vig. 
( White P r OT - 
enct\) 

926. Vainqueur de 
Solferino, mod. 



927. Val 1 e e d e 
Cham o u n i X , 
mod. 

92S. Vicomte Mai- 
son, vig. 

929. Vicomte Vig- 
ier, free. 




H.R. 



H.R. 

M. 
Prov. 



H R. 

T. 
H.R. 
H.R. 



Lansezeur, 1S57. From Lamar- 
que. Canary-yellow, the centre 
tinged with salmon, large, or 
very large, full, good. 

Brassac, 1874. Red, shaded with 
violet-crimson. 

Fontaine, 1857. Raised from 
General yacqiieminot. An in- 
ferior likeness of the parent. 

Gonod, 1873. Belongs to the 
General Jacqueminot type. 
Crimson, tinged with purple, 
fragrant, and of fair quality ; a 
good seed-bearer. 

Hardy, 1836. (Sent out by Ma- 
dame Pean.) BufF-rose, large, 
good in the bud, of healthy 
a desirable sort. 
1850. Rosy-red, me- 
size, double or full, dis- 
seven leaflets are com- 



habit ; 
Pierce, 

dium 

tinct ; 

mon. 
Levet, 1881. Raised from Paul 

Neyron. Cherry-red. 
See White Bath. 
Grimwood, 1778. White, a good 

rose, similar but inferior to 

Madame Hardy. 
Damaizin, 1859. Belongs to the 

Giant of Battles type. Red, 

shaded with purplish-crim- 
son. 
Ducher, 1873. Coppery-yellow 

and rose, medium size. 

Fontaine, 186S. Cherry-red, 
double, fades quickly, strag 
gling habit. 

E. Verdier, 1S61. Maroon, 
tinged with violet, a well- 
formed, globular flower. 



^^8^ 



'fttE ROSK. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



930. Vicomtesse de 
Cazes, dwf. 

931. Victor Pulliat, 
mod. 

932. Victor Trouil- 
lard. 

933. Victor V e r- 
dier, mod. 



934. V i 1 laret de 
Joyeuse, free. 

935. V i 11 e de St. 
Denis, free. 

936. Violette Bou- 
yer, free or vig. 

937- Virgil, free. 



938. Viri d i fl o ra, 
free. ( Viridi- 
scens. ) 

939. V i rgi n a 1 e, 
mod. 




940. Viscou n te ss 
Falmouth, dwf. 



T. 

H.R. 

H.R. 



H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

Beng 

H.R. 

H.T. 



Pradel, 1844. Coppery yellow, 
rather loose form, very delicate 
habit. 

Ducher, 1870. Pale yellow, long 
buds, quite a good Tea. 

Trouillard, 1S56. (Sent out by 
Standish & Noble.) Crimson 
and purple. 

Lacharme, 1852. Bright rose, 
with carmine centre, a very 
fresh shade, but not perma- 
nent, semi-globular form, of 
good size, not fragrant ; very 
free, the wood is all but 
smooth, the foliage lustrous. 
This variety is doubtless of 
Bourbon origin ; it is a beau- 
tiful rose, but with its entire 
progeny is more tender than 
any other types in the class. 

Damaizin, 1874. Bright rose, 
well formed. 

Thouars, 1853. From La Reine. 
Carmine-rose. 

Lacharme, 1881. From Jnlcs 
Alargottin X Somhreuil. "White, 
tinged with pink. 

Guillot-pere, 1870. (Sent out 
by W. Paul.) Pink, tinged 
with lavender, not valuable. 

Green flowers, of no beauty 
whatsoever, only sought for as 
a curiosity. 

Lacharme, 1S58, White, with 
flesh centre, medium size, 
double or full, well formed ; 
a good rose, but of very deli- 
cate habit. 

Bennett, 1879. From President 
X Soupert-et-Notting. Mottled 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



289 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



941. Vulcain, mod 



942. W. A. Rich 
ardson, vig. 

943. W. Wilson 
Saunders, mod 



944. Washing t on , 
vig. 

945. White Bank- 
sia, vig. 

946. White Baron 
ess, mod. 




947. White Bath, 
mod. or free. 
( Unique). 



H.R. 

N. 
H.R. 

N. 
B'k. 
H.R. 



M. 



rose, the exterior of petals 
with a silvery lustre, very 
large, very full, globular, hav- 
ing the intense fragrance of 
Soiipert et - Netting, and like 
that variety inclined to come 
malformed. The \v( od is 
very thorny, the shoots slen- 
der. 

E. Verdier, 1862. Rich crim- 
son, double, well formed ; a 
rose of splendid color. 

Madame Ducher, 1878. Orange- 
yellow, medium size, of fair 
quality. 

G. Paul, 1874. Belongs to the 
Charles Lefebvre type. May be 
briefly described as an inferior 
Charles Lefebvre. 

Stewart (of Philadelphia). 
White, medium size, loose 
flowers, poor. 

Brought to England from China 
in 1807. Pure white, small 
full flower, violet-scented. 

G. Paul, 1882. A sport from 
Batoness Rothschild. Unlike 
Mabel Morrison, this is quite 
as full a rose as the parent, 
and it is pure white ; in other 
respects, as vigor of growth, 
etc., it is identical with Bar- 
oness Rothschild. We saw 
this in flower at Cheshunt 
during the summer of 1880, 
and were greatly impressed 
with its merit. 

Salter. A sport from the Covi- 
vion. White, sometimes tinged 
with flesh, attractive in bud 



290 



THE R08E. 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth 



White Prov- 
ence. 
948. William Grif- 
fith, free. 



949. William Jesse, 
free. 

950. William 
KcElle, mod. 



951. William Lobb, 
free. 

952. William War- 
den, vig. 



953. Wood land 
Mar g u e r i t e , 
vig. 

954. Xavier Olibo, 
mod. or dwf. 



955. Yellow Bank- 
sia, vig. 



Class. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



H.R. 



M. 



H.R. 



N. 



H.R. 



B'k. 



and open flower ; generally 
five leaflets, of straggling 
habit. Much the best white 



moss. 
Prov. See Unique. 



Portemer, 1S50. Pink, much 
resembling Countess C. dc Cha- 
bril/ant, but the flowers are 
somewhat smaller, the wood 
smoother, and in habit it is 
more vigorous, but also much 
more liable to injury from the 
cold. 

Laffay, 1840. Red, suffused with 
violet, in the way of Pitts the 
Ninth An undesirable sort. 

Pernet, 1878. Raised from Al- 
fred Colonib. The flowers arc 
nearly or quite the same shade 
as those of the parent, the 
habit is partially that of Charles 
Lefebvre. 

Lafiay, 1855. Violet-red, not an 
attractive sort. 

Mitchell & Son, 1878. A sport 
from Madame Clcmence joig- 
ncaux. Pink flowers, the 
habit, etc., is the same as that 
of the parent. 

J. Pentland, 1859. White, some- 
times with flesh, medium size ; 
of fair quality. 

Lacharme, 1864. Said to be 
from Gen. Jacqueminot. Very 
deep, rich crimson, large flow- 
ers, moderately full ; a superb 
rose. 

Brought to England from China 
in 1827. Like White Banksia, 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



291 



Name of Variety, and 
Habit of Growth. 



Yellow Tea. 
956. Yolande d'Ar- 
agon, free. 




except the color, which is clear 
yellow. 

See Flavescens. 

Vibert, 1843. Lilac-rose, flat 
form, straggling habit ; worth- 
less. 



INDEX. 



Aphis, The, 74. 
Austrian Roses, 16, 
Autumnal Roses, 25, 116. 
Ayrshire Roses, 10. 
Banksia Roses, 10. 
Bedding Roses, 113. 
Bengal Roses, 34. 
Best Roses, The, 120. 
Books on Roses, v. 190. 
Bourbon Roses, 36. 
Boursault Roses, 11. 
Boxes for Exhibiting, 95. 
Brier, The, as a Stock, 91. 
Budded Roses, 89. 
Cabbage Rose, The, 23. 
Catalogue of Varieties, 194. 
Caterpillars, 78. 
Champney Roses, 28. 
China Roses, 34. 
Classification, 7. 
Climbing Roses, 10, 116. 
Climbing Tea Roses, 33. 
Cuttings, 85, 100. 
Damask Roses, 16. 
Descriptions, 194. 
Diseases, 73. 
Eglantine, The, 24. 
Evergreen Roses, 11. 



Exhibiting Roses, 93. 
Exhibition Roses, The Best, 

118, 
Failure, Causes of, 57. 
Fairy Roses, 36. 
Families of Roses, 10. 
Free-blooming Roses, 116. 
Forcing Roses, 100, 113. 
Fragrant Roses, 117. 
French Roses, 17. 
Grafting, 91. 
Green Fly, 74. 
Hybrid Noisette Roses, 38. 
Habit of Growth, 196. 
Hardy Roses, 118. 
Hellebore, 78. 
Hybrid China Roses, 18. 
Hybrid Climbing Roses, 12, 

26. 
Hybrid Perpetual Roses, 40. 
Hybrid Remontant Roses, 

40. 
Hybrid Tea Roses, 42. 
Insects, 73. 
Leaf Roller, 78. 
Layers, 92. 
Mail, Plants by, 62. 
Manetti, The, as a stock, 91. 



INDI^.X. 



293 



Manures, 68. 
May Bug, 80. 
Microphylla Roses, 27. 
Mildew, 75. 
Monthly Roses, 25. 
Moss Roses, 22. 
Multidora Roses, 12. 
Night-soil, 69. 
Noisette Roses, 28. 
Own Roots, 85. 
Pegged-down Roses, 113. 
Permanent Colors, 152. 
Perpetual Roses, 25 
Perpetual Moss Roses, 46. 
Pillar Roses, 20. 
Planting, 61. 
Polyantha Roses, 31. 
Position for Planting, 56. 
Pot-culture, 100. 
Potting Roses, loi. 
Prairie Roses, 13. 
Propagation, 85. 
Protection, 49. 
Provence Roses, 23. 
Pruning, 61. 
Quassia, 75. 
Rose Bug, The, 79. 
Rose Chafer, The, 79. 
Rose Slug, The, 80. 
Rose Hopper, The, 77. 



Roses for Special Purposes, 

113. 

Roses under Glass, 100. 

Raisers of the Best Roses, 120. 

Red Spider, The, 76. 

Running Roses, 25. 

Sawfiy, 80. 

Sarmentous Roses, 10. 

Scotch Roses, 24. 

Seed Parents, 145. 

Seedling Roses, 177. 

Similar Varieties, 160. 

Soils, 56. 

Solfaterre as a Stock, 30. 

Stocks, 91. 

Suckers, 90. 

Sulphur, 75, 77. 

Summer Roses, 10, 

Sweet Brier, The, 24. 

Tea Roses, 47. 

Technical Terms, 52. 

Thrip, 77. 

Tobacco, for Fumigating, 75. 

Too-much-alike Roses, 152. 

Typical Roses, 164. 

Varieties for Special Pur- 
poses, 113. 

When to Plant, 61. 

White Grub, 80. 

Yellow Roses, 16. 



,N \ 







